Transcript Happened
WWI Aftermath SSBAT conclude why the Treaty of Versailles laid the foundation for WWII Treaty Areas Guilt & the League Territorial Changes Military Reductions Fiscal Responsibility Treaty of Versailles Guilt & the League Germans admit full responsibility – Clause 231 - “War Guilt Clause” Germany pays for all damage – $33 billion goes to France/Belgium League of Nations created Treaty of Versailles Territorial Changes Most land from Germany : – – – – – – – – – Alsace-Lorraine Eupen and Malmedy Northern Schleswig Hultschin West Prussia, Posen & Silesia Saar, Danzig, Memel & colonies Estonia Lithuania Latvia (given to France) (given to Belgium) (given to Denmark) (given to Czech.) (given to Poland) (League of Nations) (Independence) (Independence) (Independence) A-H dissolved – creates 5 new countries Treaty of Versailles Military Reduction SMALL German army to 100,000 / no tanks SMALL German navy to 6 ships / no subs NO German air force Rhineland a demilitarized zone (DMZ) Occupation army on French side of Rhine Treaty of Versailles Fiscal Responsibility Coal regions lost – needed for rebuilding – $33 billion – attempt to bankrupt Germany Germany forbidden to unite w/ Austria League of Nations LON consisted of per./nonperm. countries – 5 permanent members / 4 non-permanent – G.B., France, Italy, U.S., Japan Today’s UN used LON setup after WWII League limited to economic action ONLY France wanted international army Germany, USSR barred from LON Fmr. Ottoman Empire prov. under LON control Reaction to the WWI Treaties Great Britain treaties too harsh - wanted to forgive & forget upset at “right of self-determination” – Canada – Australia – New Zealand – South Africa – India Reaction to the WWI Treaties France treaties were too easy allied w/ Belgium, Poland & Czechs Italy mad at Allies - didn’t get land Russia lost land - not invited to peace talks not invited to LON Reaction to the WWI Treaties Japan gained German Islands on China coast the major power in Asia after WW I Germany way too harsh & unfair - treaty dictated peace outraged & resented the War Guilt Clause reparations too high - depression Were the terms carried out ? The League of Nations created – Happened Land & colonies handed over the Allies – Happened – Central powers land under LON control All land from Russia handed back – Happened – land in W. Russia right of self-determination Small German army – Happened – On Paper – Side-stepped: soldiers were put in reserves – Never had more than 100,000 “active” soldiers at once Were the terms carried out ? Small German navy – Happened – Germany couldn’t afford battleships No air force – Happened – On Paper – Pilots trained abroad & used gliders Western Germany demilitarized – Happened Germany forbidden to unite with Austria – Happened Germany accept "War Guilt Clause" / pay reparations – – – – Happened – On paper Attempted to pay – couldn’t do it 1920’s Allies reduced amount Refused to pay in 1933 w/ Hitler - Allies did nothing WWI Impact at Home Not as mobilized as during WWII Political & economic impact negligible Great Migration – Immigration Act stopped incoming foreigners – African Americans moved to fill jobs First use of the Selective Service Post-WWI: Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire & Impact of Middle Eastern Mandates WWI Social Impact FEAR of Germans No Bach/Beethoven No German classes Sauerkraut to liberty cabbage Dachshunds to liberty hounds German measles to liberty measles Mobs attack German immigrants Lynching of Robert Prager – Allowed to write a note to his parents in Germany: – “Dear Parents: I must on this, the 4th day of April, 1918, die. Please pray for me, my dear parents.” – During trial defendants wore red, white, and blue ribbons – Band played patriotic songs - 25 min. found “not-guilty”