Transcript Chapter 26 Section 5 Power Point

Ch.26, Section 5
“Victory and Consequences”
Germany
After D-Day
• After D-Day Allied
forces swept inland
• They had to gain
control of enough land
to not fear being
surrounded and
pushed back by the
Germans
• The main goal then
was to liberate Paris
from Nazi rule, and
essentially free all of
France
France
Top 3 US Generals in Europe
Germany’s
Last Offensive
• US General George
Patton led Allied tank
forces through German
lines and pushed
toward Germany
• Hitler drafted every
able-bodied German
man from age 16-60
and planned one last
desperate attack
Eisenhower
Bradley
Patton
Battle of
the Bulge
• Germany attacked a
weak point in the
Allied lines in the
Ardennes Forest in
heavy snow
• The Allies were
pushed back 65
miles but their lines
never broke
• Both sides suffered
heavy losses
• After the attack was
pushed back, the
Germans were
unable to stop the
Allied advance into
Germany
Closing in on Hitler
• While the Soviet Union
pushed toward Berlin from
the east, the US and its
allies pushed in from the
west
• Allied bombing raids on
German cities killed tens of
thousands of civilians
• In the fire-bombing of one
city, Dresden, 35,000 died
there alone
• Still, Hitler refused to
surrender
V-E Day
• As the Soviet Union’s forces
closed in on the German
capitol Berlin from the east
and the US led forces
advanced in the west, Adolf
Hitler committed suicide
• A week later Germany
surrendered
• The Allies celebrated May 8,
1945 as V-E Day (Victory in
Europe Day) while the war in
the Pacific continued on
against Japan
Final Solution
• As Allied forces pushed into
Germany at the end of the
war, evidence of atrocities
committed by the Nazis
against the Jews and other
people became known
• Soon after taking power Hitler
began blaming the Jews for all
of the problems in Germany
• He passed laws stripping them
of their citizenship and seized
their property
• On Kristallnacht or “The Night
of the Broken Glass” Jewish
homes, synagogues, and
businesses were looted and
destroyed
• Many Jews who did not
escape the country were
imprisoned in
concentration camps
• The Final Solution was the
Nazi German name for the
planned genocide
(extermination of an
entire group of people) of
the Jewish people in
Europe
• Death camps were built
with gas chambers
designed to kill large
numbers of people and
ovens to cremate the
bodies
Holocaust
• Many of the death camps
were in German-occupied
Poland
• The Germans shipped Jews
from all over Europe to
these death camps
• The largest of these was in
Auschwitz were over a
million people were killed
• Over 6 million Jews were
killed in the Holocaust
• Over 11 million people
total were killed in it,
including Gypsies, Slavs,
political opponents, and
people with disabilities
Pacific War
in 1945
Iwo Jima and
Okinawa were
taken in early
1945 so US could
use their airbases
to bomb Japan
Black arrows
represent the
plans for an
invasion of Japan
if atomic bombs
were not used
◄ Okinawa
▲
Iwo
Jima
Atomic Weapons End the War
• in the summer of 1945, Japan continued to fight
while the US planned an invasion that could cost
200,000 US casualties and potentially over a million
Japanese lives
Manhattan Project
• the US’s secret program began right after the
start of the war, was led by J. Robert
Oppenheimer, that took 3 years to build an
atomic bomb
Decision to use the Atomic Bomb
• After the successful
test of the atomic
bomb, President
Truman told Japan
that if it didn’t
surrender it would
face destruction
• Japan refused to
surrender
Hiroshima
• The 1st atomic
bomb was
dropped on
Hiroshima on
August 6, 1945,
which killed
70,000 people
instantly
The plane and pilot that dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima ▲
The explosion in the sky
above Hiroshima by atomic
bomb called “Little Boy” ▼
The destruction
in Hiroshima after
the bomb struck ▼
Nagasaki
• US dropped a 2nd
atomic bomb on
Nagasaki eight days
later
• Japan surrenders
five days later
◄ the second atomic
bomb dropped in the
war, nicknamed “Fat Boy”
War Ends
• Japanese
officially
surrender
on Sept. 2,
1945 aboard
the U.S.S.
Missouri in
Tokyo Bay
• MacArthur (left) and Japanese
representative (right) sign the
surrender document
President Truman announces to the press that
the Japanese have surrendered
End of WWII
• Over 50 million people killed (more than half of
them were civilians)
• The economies of Europe and Asia were destroyed
• Millions of people were left without homes, water,
food, and jobs
• Since the war was fought in other places, US
territory and its economy escaped this destruction
• The US emerged as the strongest nation on Earth,
politically, economically, and militarily
Devastation
on Europe
• 40 million dead; 2/3 were
civilians
• Cities were left in ruins
from bombings
• 50 million lost their
homes and were starving
• Billions in property
damage
• People left without water,
electricity, and food
• Agriculture completely
disrupted in many places
• Disease began to spread
Devastation on Japan
• 2 million lives lost
• Major cities destroyed by bombing raids
• Atomic bombs completely leveled Hiroshima
an Nagasaki
• People homeless, without food, and no work
available
• Japan lost its empire