Transcript Bell Quiz (Pgs. 517 * 533)

Atomic Bomb
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Iwo Jima and Okinawa opened the
way for an invasion of Japan.
It was estimated that the U.S. would
lose about 1 million soldiers and
Britain about 500,000. The Japanese
would lose millions.
An invasion of Japan would lead to a
massive loss of life.
President Truman saw only one way
to avoid an invasion of Japan.
Truman decided to use the atomic
bomb.
Albert Einstein
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Albert Einstein was a
German born Jew.
He is best known as
physicist and for his
theory of relativity.
Einstein was a Jewish
refugee to the U.S.
1939, Einstein and other
scientists sent a letter to
President Roosevelt
urging U.S. development
of an atomic bomb.
Roosevelt authorized the
research into the
development of the bomb,
but Einstein never worked
on the Manhattan Project.
The Manhattan Project
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The Manhattan Project was the U.S. program to develop an atomic bomb
for use in World War II.
The project was led by General Leslie Groves.
J. Robert Oppenheimer was an American scientist and the research
director on the project.
The first test of the bomb took place on July 16, 1945 near Las Alamos,
New Mexico.
On July 25, 1945 Truman ordered the military to make final plans for
dropping the bomb on Japanese targets.
The Atomic Bomb
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Upon witnessing the explosion, its creators had
mixed reactions.
Isidor Rabi felt that the equilibrium in nature had
been upset as if humankind had become a threat to
the world it inhabited.
Robert Oppenheimer, though ecstatic about the
success of the project said "I am become Death…
"the destroyer of worlds."
Ken Bainbridge, the test director, told Oppenheimer,
"Now we're all sons of bitches.“
General Leslie Groves Was ecstatic expecting a
promotion and said while holding his collar “the
bomb is brighter than 2 stars.”
After viewing the results several participants signed
petitions against using the monster they had created,
but their protests fell on deaf ears.
Hiroshima
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August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on
Hiroshima killing 140,000 people.
The Hiroshima bomb was codenamed “Little Boy”.
The bomb was dropped from a B-29 bomber named
Enola Gay.
The Japanese still refused to surrender after
Hiroshima.
Nagasaki
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August 9, the city of
Nagasaki was bombed
killing 80,000 people.
The Nagasaki bomb
was codenamed “Fat
Man”.
An estimated 220,000
people died as a result
of the atomic blasts.
September 2, 1945, the
Japanese formally
surrendered.
The Yalta Conference
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The meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill and
Stalin in February 1945.
The “Big Three” discussed the fate of
Germany and the postwar world.
The meeting produced a series of
compromises.
• A division of Germany into 4 zones.
• Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan.
• Stalin agreed to participate in the United Nations.
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The United Nations (UN): an international
peacekeeping organization to which most nations in
the world belong.
The UN was founded in 1945 to promote world
peace, security, and economic development.
Nuremberg Trials
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24 Nazi leaders were put on trial for crimes against humanity,
peace, and war crimes.
The defendants included Hitler’s most trusted party officials,
governing ministers, military leaders, and powerful
industrialists.
12 of the 24 defendants were sentenced to death.
Nuremberg Trials
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In later trials nearly
200 more lesser Nazi
leaders were found
guilty of war crimes.
The Nuremberg Trials
established the idea
that individuals are
responsible for their
own actions, even in
times of war.
Occupation of Japan
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Japan was occupied by U.S. forces for seven
years.
1,100 Japanese soldiers were arrested and put
on trial.
Seven, including Prime Minister Hideki Tojo,
were sentenced to death.
During the occupation, the U.S. reshaped
Japan’s economy and government.