Transcript The Atomic Bomb PPT

Atomic Bomb
EINSTEIN
• 1939
• LET’S
AMERICA KNOW
GERMANY MAY
ALREADY HAVE
THE BOMB!
MANHATTAN PROJECT
GOAL:
PRODUCE A SELF-SUSTAINING
ATOMIC CHAIN REACTION
WHERE PARTICLES RELEASED
FROM THE SPLITTING OF ONE
ATOM WOULD CAUSE ANOTHER
ATOM TO BREAK APART.
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
• THEIR GOAL WAS TO BUILD THE MOST
POWERFUL BOMB EVER CREATED.
• NEXT: THEY NEEDED TO CREATE A
SPECIAL KIND OF URANIUM TO MOLD
INTO THE BOMB
–PLUTONIUM
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• WHO?
–ENRICO FERMI
• ITALIAN SCIENTIST
• SUCCESSFULLY MANAGED
THE CHAIN REACTION
NECESSARY FOR DESIRED
NUCLEAR EFFECT
JOHN OPPENHEIMER
HE WAS IN CHARGE
• PHYSICIST
• PRESENT AT THE FIRST TEST
SITE IN ALAMOGORDO, NEW
MEXICO: July 14, 1945
• QUOTE:
–Now I have become death, the
destroyer of worlds.
But would we use it?
• INTERIM COMMITTEE:
– ROOSEVELT DEAD APRIL 1945
– TRUMAN PRESIDENT NOW
– FORMED THIS COMMITTEE OF
SCIENTISTS AND POLITICIANS
– CHOSE TO USE THE BOMB TO END
THE WAR IN JAPAN TO SAVE
FURTHER AMERICAN CASUALTIES
ANY OTHER REASON FOR US
TO USE IT?
• SHOW THE SOVIETS WE HAVE IT
• TRUMAN:
AGREES TO USE THE BOMB
INSTEAD OF INVADING JAPAN
– TWO REASONS: ONE: SAVE LIVES
– TWO: REVENGE FOR PEARL
HARBOR
The pilots/co-pilots and mechanics of the planes that dropped the bomb.
Enola Gay, the plane that dropped the first bomb.
FAT MAN & LITTLE BOY
• "My God, what have we
done?" –Robert Lewis
• Robert Lewis, the co-pilot of
the Enola Gay, the B-29 that
dropped the first atomic bomb.
THE BOMBS
• STATS: HIROSHIMA, JAPAN
– AUGUST 6, 1945
– LITTLE BOY: URANIUM BOMB
– 70,000 PEOPLE DEAD
NAGASAKI: THREE DAYS LATER
FAT MAN: PLUTONIUM BOMB
40,000 PEOPLE DEAD
Atomic
Bomb
Damage of
Hiroshima
Distance from
Ground Zero (km)
Killed
Injured
Population
0 -1.0
86%
10%
31,200
1.0 - 2.5
27%
37%
144,800
2.5 - 5.0
2%
25%
80,300
Total
27%
30%
256,300
The ruins around the Industrial Promotion Hall, now known as the Atomic
Bomb Dome
• Ohmura Navy Hospital:
A 14 year old girl after
the bombing of
Hiroshima at Ohmura
Navy Hospital on August
10-11.
Severe burns. Only his waist was protected from a burn by a
waistband he wore (within 1km from the hypocenter).
Kimono pattern.
Burned areas on the
back and on the
dorsal portion of the
upper arm show that
thermal rays
penetrated the black
or the dark colored
parts of kimono she
wore.
"ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE" EVACUATE YOUR CITIES
*Because your military leaders have rejected the thirteen part surrender
declaration, two momentous events have occurred in the last few days.
*The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on the part of the military has
notified your Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your nation. Thus,
all powerful countries of the world are now at war against you.
*Also because of your leaders' refusal to accept the surrender declaration that
would enable Japan to honorably end this useless war, we have employed
our atomic bomb.
*A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in
explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29's could have carried on a
single mission. Radio Tokyo has told you that with the first use of this
weapon of total destruction, Hiroshima was virtually destroyed.
*Before we use this bomb again and again to destroy every resource of the
military by which they are prolonging this useless war, petition the Emperor
now to end the war. Our President has outlined for you the thirteen
consequences of an honorable surrender; We urge that you accept these
consequences and begin the work of building a new, better, and peace
loving Japan.
*Act at once or we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior
weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war."
EVACUATE YOUR CITIES
(This message was sent to the residents of Nagasaki before the second bomb
was dropped.)
WAR ENDS
• AUGUST 14, 1945:
–JAPAN ACCEPTS U.S. TERMS
SURRENDERS:
September 2, 1945
V-J Day
(Victory over Japan).
For millions of
Americans, Alfred
Eisenstaedt's 1945
LIFE photograph of a
sailor stamping a
masterly kiss on a
nurse symbolized the
cathartic joy of V-J
Day.
Crowds outside the White House celebrate V-J Day, the
Japanese surrender and the end of World War II. August 1945