Transcript living
The Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells • Cells only arise from pre-existing cells. • The cell is the basic unit of life. Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow • All three scientists contributed to Cell Theory Robert Hooke • English Naturalist • Was the first to use the term cell. • Looked at cork cells under the compound microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Anton was a Dutch scientist who is considered “the Father of microbiology.” • The first scientist to see animalcules, or tiny living things Cells The Cell Membrane • Controls movements into and out of the cell • Is semi-permeable, or selectively permeable. • Helps maintain the shape of the cell. Cytoplasm • gel-like material which contains materials involved in cell metabolism. • Holds everything in place Chromosomes/DNA • Contains code that guides all cell activities • They are found in the nucleus. • Chromosomes contain the genes that determine an organisms characteristics. The Nucleus and The Nucleolus • THE BRAIN! • Serves as the control center of the cell and contains Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) • Nucleolus- Contains RNA • Nuclear membrane – Control what goes in or out of the Nucleus. • Animal, Plant and Eukaryotes have these three organelles • Prokaryotes do not have these… Mitochondria • Power House of The Cell. • Makes ATP/ Energy • These organelles are more plentiful in active cells Endoplasmic Reticulum •Transports materials throughout the cell. •Makes lipids, breaks down materials •Rough ER contains Ribosome's. •Smooth ER has no Ribosome's Golgi Bodies • Packages and secretes the proteins made by the Ribosome's. • Look like stacks of pancakes. Lysosomes • Powerful chemicals that break things down. Vacuoles • Plays a role in intercellular digestion • Store water. • Are much larger in plant cells. Prokaryote • Have no formed nucleus • Are unicellular • Are very disorganized. • Have a cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes, bacteria have cell membrane • Bacteria are prokaryotes Eukaryote • Have a Nucleus • Have cell membrane bound organelles • Are very organized. • Can be unicellular or multicellular. • Have these other organelles; nuclei, mitochondrion, lysosome, golgi apparatus, ribosomes • PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS!!! Plant Cells • Have two main differences from animal cells • 1. Cell wall = a tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds a cell • 2. Chloroplasts = organelles found in plant and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis