Transcript CELL PARTS
CELL PARTS ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS ORGANELLE • A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. • The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an organ is to the body. CYTOPLASM • Both plant/animal • Clear, thick, jellylike material • Supports/protects cell organelles NUCLEUS • Both plant/animal • Large, oval • Controls cell activities NUCLEOLUS • Both plant/animal • The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin – Chromatin is DNA in its active form – Made of protein and nucleic acids • Site where ribosomes are made NUCLEAR MEMBRANE • Both plant/animal • Surrounds nucleus • Selectively permeable • Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus CHROMOSOMES • Both plant/animal • An organized structure of DNA and protein • Single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes • Controls activities of the cell • Pass on traits/blueprint for life ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Both plant/animal • Network of tubes or membranes • Carries materials through cell • Internal delivery system RIBOSOMES • Both plant/animal • Small bodies free or attached to E.R. • Produce proteins MITOCHONDRIA • Both plant/animal • Bean-shaped with inner membranes • Breaks down sugar molecules into energy – ATP VACUOLE • Plant – few/large • Animal – small • Fluid-filled sacs • Store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food) CELL MEMBRANE • Both plant/animal • Plant – inside cell wall • Animal – outer layer; cholesterol • Selectively permeable • Support and protection • Controls movement of materials in/out of cell • Barrier between cell and its environment • Maintains homeostasis • AKA – plasma membrane CELL WALL • Plant, not animal • Outer layer • Rigid, strong, stiff • Made of cellulose • Support (grow tall) • Protection • Allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell CHLOROPLASTS • Plant, not animal • Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment) • Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis) LYSOSOMES • Plant – uncommon • Animal – common • Small, round, with a membrane • Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules • Digests old cell parts CENTRIOLES • Animal, not plant • The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules (protein of the cytoskeleton). • Play a role in cell division STRUCTURE & FUNCTION • Organelles are small structures within cells that perform dedicated functions. • As the name implies, you can think of organelles as small organs. • These organelles allow the cell to function properly. • The function of each organelle is directly related to its structure.