Transcript To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.

Chapter 4: The Cell
Section 4-1: Introduction to the
Cell
Discovery of the Cell
Robert Hooke (1665)
 Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
 The cell theory

 Matthias
Schleiden (1838)
 Theodor Schwann (1839)
 Rudolf Virchow (1855)
Section 4-2
Introduction to Cells
Cell Diversity

Shape
 Determine

function
Size
 Limits:
Surface area to volume ratio
 (Figure
4-5)
Cells

Basic Parts
 Plasma
membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Control center

Two types
 Prokaryotes
 Eukaryotes
Human Cell
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Prokaryotic Cell
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Organization

Cells 
 Tissues 
Organs 
Organ Systems 
Organism
Multi-Cellular Organism
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Eukaryotic Cell
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Section 4-3
Cell Organelles and Features
Cell Membrane
Function - Selectively permeable
 Structure

 Phospholipid
bilayer
 Membrane proteins
 Peripheral
 Integral
 Cholesterol
 Fluid
mosaic model
Phospholipid
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Phospholipid Molecules
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Membrane Proteins

Peripheral
 Recognition
 Connections
 Receptors

Integral
 Channels
 Pumps
– carbohydrate chains
Q.O.D.
Which organelles are involved in
protein synthesis and what is their
role?
The Nucleus
Nuclear matrix
 Nuclear envelope

 Nuclear
pores
Chromatin/Chromosomes
 Nucleolus

Nucleus via TEM
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
The Organelles
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
 Mitochondria

 Function:
energy (ATP)
 Structure:
 Double
membrane
 Cristae – inner membrane
 Matrix and intermembrane space
 Contain own DNA
 Divide on their own
 Contain own ribosomes
Mitochondrion
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.

Ribosomes
 Free
or attached
 Made of proteins + RNA
 Function: Protein synthesis

Enodplasmic Reticulum
 Structure:
 Membranous
tubules and sacs
 Smooth ER vs. Rough ER
 Function depends on type of ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
Q.O.D.
What are the roles of the
cytoskeleton?
Golgi Apparatus
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.

Golgi apparatus
 Packages
and delivers
 Flattened stack of membranes
 Modifies proteins to be exported

Vessicles
 Lysosomes
– Hydrolytic enzymes
 Peroxisomes
 Protein synthesis
Chapter 4
Section 3 Cell Organelles
and Features
Processing of Proteins

Cytoskeleton
 Functions
 Shape/Size
 Support
 Movement
 Structures
 Microfilaments
- actin
 Microtubules
 Spindle
fibers

Cilia
 Short,
hair-like projections
 Beat in waves
 Unicellular organisms
 Respiratory tract

Flagella
 Long,
tail
 Whipping motion

Centrioles
Section 4-4
Plant Cells
Chapter 4
Section 4 Unique Features
of Plant Cells
Comparing Plant and Animal
Cells
Plant Cells
Plant Cells

Cell Wall
 Support
and protection
 Cellulose
 Primary/Secondary

Vacuoles
 Storage
 Large,
central
Plastids

Features:
 Own
DNA, ribosomes
 Reproduce on their own
 Two membranes

Types:
 Chloroplast
 Thylakoids
 Stroma
and grana (granum)
Chloroplast
To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
The Chloroplast