Transcript 662 Resources - simonbaruchcurriculum

Chapter Resources
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Foldables
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice
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Transfer Images
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• Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc –
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• Copy the image
• Go to your own power point document
• Paste the image.
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Nail
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Oxygen Tanks
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Glass of
Water
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Scuba Diver
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Pressure in all Directions
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Atmospheric Pressure
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Barometer
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Buoyant
Force
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Buoyant Force and Shape
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Cubes
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Floating and Density
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Boat and Cube
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Airplane Taking Off
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Pushing on a Fluid
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Hydraulic Systems
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Pressure in a
Moving Fluid
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Chimneys and
Bernoulli’s
Principal
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Hurricane Damage
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Airplane Wing
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Airplane
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Foldables
Scientific Processes
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what you already know, what you want to know,
and what you learned about science.
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Foldables
Fold one sheet of paper lengthwise.
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Foldables
Fold into thirds.
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Foldables
Unfold and draw overlapping ovals.
Cut the top sheet along the folds.
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Foldables
Label the ovals as shown.
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Foldables
Construct a Venn
Diagram
As you read the chapter, list the
characteristics of liquids under the left tab,
those characteristics of gases under the right
tab, and those characteristics common to
both under the middle tab.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
1
Pressure
• Pressure equals force divided by area.
• Liquids and gases are fluids that flow.
• Pressure increases with depth and decreases
with elevation in a fluid.
• The pressure exerted by a fluid on a surface
is always perpendicular to the surface.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
2
Why do objects float?
• A buoyant force is an upward force exerted
on all objects placed in a fluid.
• The buoyant force depends on the shape of
the object.
• According to Archimedes’ principle, the
buoyant force on the object is equal to the
weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
2
Why do objects float?
• An object floats when the buoyant force
exerted by the fluid is equal to the object’s
weight.
• An object will float if it is less dense than the
fluid it is placed in.
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Reviewing Main Ideas
3
Doing Work with Fluids
• Pascal’s principle stated that the pressure
applied at any point to a confined fluid is
transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid.
• Bernoulli’s principle states that when the
velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure
exerted by the fluid decreases.
• A wing provides lift by forcing air
downward.
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Chapter Review
Question 1
Explain why a fire in your fireplace will smoke
more strongly on a windy day.
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Chapter Review
Answer
The wind causes the
pressure outside the
chimney to be less than
the pressure inside the
house, thus drawing the
smoke up and out faster.
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Chapter Review
Question 2
Why does the cube in this illustration sink
while the boat, which is larger, floats?
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Chapter Review
Answer
The boat displaces more water because of its
shape. Therefore the boat floats, but the cube
sinks.
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Chapter Review
Question 3
Any object with a density greater than the fluid
it’s placed in will _______.
Answer
The answer is sink. Conversely, any object
with a density less than the fluid it’s placed in
will float.
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Chapter Review
Question 4
A ship will float when its _______ is great
enough to make its density less than the water’s.
A. buoyant force
B. mass
C. pressure
D. volume
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Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is D. Anything less dense than water
will float, no matter how massive it is.
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Chapter Review
Question 5
Suppose you put a toy boat in a bathtub and find
that it floats. Next you put in a lead block that is
the exact same size and shape as the toy boat,
but solid throughout. Why won’t it float?
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Chapter Review
Answer
The shape is only part of the reason. The lead
block will sink because, though its volume
would be the same as a floating boat’s, its
density will be greater, and far greater than
water’s density.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
When you increase the surface area in contact
with a fluid, you _______ the buoyant force on
the object.
A. decrease
B. increase
C. maintain
D. negate
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. This is why a thin sheet of
aluminum foil will float, but the same sheet
balled up will sink.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
During hurricanes or other high-wind events,
windows in houses sometimes shatter _______.
A. downward
B. inward
C. outward
D. upward
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. Bernoulli’s principle states
that pressure decreases with motion in a fluid.
When the pressure inside the house is greater
than the pressure outside, the windows may
burst outward.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
The first method for determining the buoyant
force was discovered well over 2,000 years ago
by a Greek man named ______.
A. Archimedes
B. Aristotle
C. Aristophanes
D. Arioso
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The correct answer is A. This is why the
principle is referred to as Archimedes
principle.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 4
Imagine you have a rock that weighs 1000 N
with a volume of 10,000 cm3. You drop it into a
tank and it sinks to the bottom. What is the
exact volume of the water it displaces?
A. 1,000 cm3
B. 10,000 cm3
C. 100,000 cm3
D. 1,000,000 cm3
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The volume of water
displaced will be exactly equal to the volume
of the rock.
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Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
Whose principle explains what is happening in
this image?
A. Archimedes
B. Bernoulli
C. Newton
D. Pascal
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Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. A hydraulic system uses
Pascal’s principle to make the output force
applied on the large piston greater than the
input force applied on the small piston.
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