Transcript Slide 1
Introducing the Cell Contains DNA which has all the information the cell needs to survive (How to make proteins) All the area inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus where processes of life occur (plasma membrane) Kind of a “fluid skin” around the cell through which materials move in and out Unicellular Organisms stentor paramecium Amoeba Ctyoplasm A Bacterium Prokaryotic cells like this bacterium have a cell membrane and cytoplasm, but lack a nucleus. Their DNA (blue strands) is not separated from the cytoplasm. They are not as complex as cells that possess a nucleus. The Cell Membrane Main Parts of a Cell Plasma membrane (cell membrane) ________________ Separates cell from environment (Maintains ) Homeostasis Controls what enters and leaves the cell (nutrients, wastes, products) “_______________” Gatekeeper Made of phospholipid bilayers with proteins embedded in the bilayer “Fluid mosaic model” Main Parts of a Cell Plasma membrane ___________________ Separates cell from environment (Maintains homeostasis ____________________ Controls what ___________ enters and leaves the cell (nutrients, wastes, products) Gatekeeper “_________________” phospholipid Made of _______________ bilayers with protein embedded _____________ in the bilayer Fluid mosaic model “_____________________” The plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer of phospholipid molecules with proteins embedded within the bilayer Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm cytosol cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton (electron micrograph) Cytoplasm ___________ Cyto = cell Located between _________________ Plasma membrane nucleus and the ___________ organelles _____________ cytosol _________________ cytoskeleton _______________ Tiny structures that carry out the essential processes of life Semifluid material that contains raw materials for metabolism Internal structural support and organelle movement Examples: obtain energy - mitochondria digest food - lysosomes form proteins - ribosomes eliminate wastes - vacuoles transport materials - ER Protein tubules, cables, and filaments microtubules ________________ microfilaments _____________ Intermediate filaments ___________ All made of proteins The Nucleus Nucleus ______________ Controls all cell activity DNA Contains ______________ nucleolus Contains a _________ (chromatin or chromosomes) hereditary information Holds ______________ (blueprints for all cell ___________) proteins ribosomes Forms ___________ (“protein factories”) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein makes up ribosomes pro = before Two Basic Types of Cells eu = true karyote = kernel prokaryotic _________________ nucleus Cells lack a ____________ & organelles membrane-bound __________ DNA is located in the cytoplasm ______ in a part of the cell called the nucleoid “_________________” eukaryotic _________________ Cells contain a true nucleus & membrane-bound organelles ________ DNA is separated from the Nuclear envelope cytoplasm by a _____________ bacteria & ___________ archea are the ___________ plants animals ___________ , ___________ only prokaryotic cells fungi protists ___________ , & __________ have eukaryotic cells (DNA) Eukaryotic Cell Structure (Animal) Eukaryotic Cell Structure (Plant) Cells Are Like Factories The Characteristics of the Cell