Transcript BIOMECHANICS APPLICATIONS

AXIAL SKELETON
Skull - 29 bones
Thorax - 12 x 2 ribs + sternum
Vertebral Column
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- coccyx
7 bones
12 bones
5 bones
4 bones
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Upper Extremities - shoulder to carpals
- 32 x 2 (right and left)
Lower Extremities - pelvis to tarsals
- 31 x 2 (right and left)
SKELETON FUNCTIONS
Protect vital organs
Support soft tissues - fascia, tendon, ligament
Manufacture red blood cells
Reservoir for minerals - calcium, phosphate
Attachments for muscles
Levers and Pulleys for muscle torques
Physical Stress on Bones
Compression - pressing together
Tension - pulling apart
Torsion - twisting
Shear - tearing across
Forces acting on player
1. Racket Weight
2. Air Resistance
3. Ball Impact
4. Stroke Type
> flat stroke
> top spin stroke
SEE Fig 3-2 page 63
Basic Biomechanics
4th edition
Susan J. Hall
Properties of Tendons/Ligaments
Elasticity - tissue’s ability to stretch and return
to its original length
Elastic Limit - point of no return to original
length
Plasticity - tissue stretched beyond Elastic Limit
(stays lengthened)
Factors - Stability of Articulation
Bone Arrangement
- strong = one “fits” into other (knee, elbow joints)
Ligament Arrangement - quality and quantity
Muscle Arrangement – stabilizing lines of force
ROM
Range of Motion
ROM Factors (Range of Motion)
Shape of Articulation - elbow versus shoulder
Tightness of Muscles & Ligaments
Size of Adjacent Tissue - muscle, adipose
Restrictive Clothing/Equipment/Devices