Transcript Y8-3.4-Muscles-and

3.4 Muscles and Bones
What stops buildings from falling down?
How are you able to stand upright?
We are going to be learning about:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Why do we have a Skeleton?
What are bones made of?
What are the different joints in the body?
What do Tendons and ligaments for?
How do muscles work
What are the common Injuries to the Human body?
The skeleton
The skeleton is the bodies frame
and prevents it from collapsing.
What are the three roles of the
skeleton? (pp109-110)
Complete the worksheet on the
skeleton.
Properties of Bones
Bones must have many different properties so that they can perform
there functions without breaking.
Property
Why Useful?
Read pp110-111 and make a table that shows three of these
properties and explain why the property is useful.
Structure of Bones
Bone is made out of two types of tissue:
Compact Bone: outer layer, dense and
heavy and gives bone strength.
Spongy Bone: inner layer, honeycomb
shape, gaps filled with marrow. Where
red blood cells, platelets and some white
blood cells are made.
Joints
A joint in the body is
where two bones meet.
If there were no joints
bones would rub
together. This would be
very painful. There
different types of joint,
they allow different
types of movement.
Types of joint
Copy this table and use page 112 to help you fill it in.
Type of Joint
Range of movement
Example
Hinge Joint
One plane, forward and back
Knee
Activity book 3.9 – The Skeleton
Ligaments and Tendons
Ligaments hold the bones
on a joint together. This
prevents the bones from
moving too far apart.
Tendons hold your muscles
to your bones. This allows
your muscles to move your
bones.
Muscles
Your muscles move your
bones. They can only pull
and not push. In order to
move a bone a muscle
must contract. In order to
return the bone to the
original position an
‘antagonistic’ muscle must
pull in the opposite
direction.
Muscles – Science for fun
Do Science 4 fun on p112
Prac 3.3.3 – Muscle fatigue
Do Prac 3.3.3
Injuries
Forces on the body from sports an accidents can cause bones, muscles
tendons and ligaments to split snap or tear. As you age your bones and
muscles weaken. This makes you more prone to injury.
Broken bones
Broken bones usually take around six weeks to heal. This usually
involves wearing a cast. Bad breaks may need to be reinforced with
metal pins or plates.
Sprains and strains
A sprain is cased when a ligament extends too far.
A strain occurs when a muscle or a tendon is stretched too far.
Minor strains can be treated by RICE.
Unit Review 3.4