Transcript European Middle Ages

European
Middle Ages
Chapter 13
Section 2- Feudalism in
Europe
“ATTACK”
Invaders Attack Western Europe• The Vikings Invade from the North
– Originally from Scandinavia
– Also known as Norsemen, were Germanic people
– Worshiped war like Gods and had brutal
nicknames
• Ex. Eric Blood Axe and Thorfinn Skullsplitter
“I’m Sailing”
• Vikings attacked with terrifying speed
– Carried swords and shields won and moved on
• Viking War Ships
– Massive
– Largest held 300 warriors and had 72 oars
– Carving of a sea monster on the front of the
ship
– Could weigh up to 20 tons fully loaded
– Needed only three feet of water
A sketch of a Viking longboat
• Vikings were warriors, traders, farmers and
explorers
• Viking explorer Leif Ericson reached North
America around 1,000 AD
(500 years before Columbus)
• Vikings accepted Christianity and stopped
raiding monasteries
• Better farming conditions = less need for
Viking lifestyle
• Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East
and South• Magyars- Nomads attacked from the east
– Attacked villages and monasteries
– Did not settle in conquered land, took slaves and
sold them
• Muslims- Struck from the south
– Came up from Africa headed towards Spain and
Italy
– Goal was to attack and plunder
800 – 1000 A.D. was a period of intense invasions that disrupted life in Europe
and completely destroyed the former great Carolingian Empire of the Franks.
Why were
What lands did
these invasions
the Vikings
so threatening
raid?
to Europe?
“Here’s Looking at
You Kid”
• Attacks by Vikings, Magyars,
and Muslims caused
widespread suffering
• People now looked to local
rulers rather than kings
“Resistance is
Futile”
• Feudalism– A system of governing and land holding
• Based on rights and obligations
– Lord- Offered land for military protection
– Fief- Land Grant
– Vassal- One receiving land
– Similar to what existed in China under the Zhou
Dynasty, and also in Japan
1.
Explain the mutual
obligations of
the feudal system.
2. Why did the
feudal system create
complicated alliances?
Land-lord (noble) owns a Manor (huge estate of land).
He gives a grant of land (fief)
to someone who promises in exchange to provide
military protection to the lord and his family, work
the lord’s lands, and serve in other ways.
A person who receives land from a lord is a vassal.
The same noble might be a vassal himself
to several different lords.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
“Pyramid Scheme”
• The Feudal Pyramid1.) King
2.) Vassals and Bishops
3.) Knights
4.) Peasants
“Get in Line”
• Social Classes1.) Those that fought
–Knights, Nobles
2.) Those who prayed
–Men and Women of the Church
3.) Those who worked
–Peasants/Serfs (bound to the land)
Manors: The Economics of
Feudalism
• Manors: The lords estate
–Arrangement between lords and serfs
• Lords- Provided land, housing, and
protection
• Serfs- Worked the land, cared for
animals, performed various tasks
Manors: The Economics
of Feudalism
• The Manor was a self sustaining community
• Peasants rarely moved more than 25 miles
away from the manor
• Peasants produced crops, milk, cheese, fuel,
cloth, leather goods, and lumber
• Outside purchases included salt, iron,
and millstones
Manors: The Economics
of Feudalism
• Peasants paid a heavy price to live on the
Manor
– Paid a grain tax
– Marriage tax
– Tithe- Church tax (Paid by the lord and peasant)
• One tenth of their income
– Lived in small homes
– Accepted this lifestyle as part of the church’s
teachings
6. Explain why serfs accepted their economic hardships.
They were taught by the Church and believed
that God “determined”
a person’s social position before they were born.
To leave the community in which they were
born… would be questioning God’s wisdom.
And it was a sin to question the Church!
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.