Transcript Chapter 13 - amoschetto

CHAPTER 13
The early middle ages
Charlemagne: Charles the Great
Grandfather
military leader
Charles “The
Hammer” Martel
for a Frankish King
Father, Pippin III,
became king of
the Franks
One of most
important leaders
in European history
Charlemagne: Charles the Great
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Foundation to success: military power
Each year he assembled an army to fight against one
of his foes
Pope Leo III asked for help against the Lombards in
774 when they attacked the
799: Charlemagne comes to the Pope’s recue once
again
Pope thanks him by making him Emperor of Roman
People
Charlemagne’s Rule
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Empire very large
Selected a center for the government: Aachen (in
present day Germany)
 Counts
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granted large parts of land as thank you
To keep tabs on counts: sent inspectors to visit
A New Society
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Education
Charlemagne personally interested
 Churches and Monasteries started schools staffed by monks
and priests
 Invited noted scholars from all over Europe to Aachen
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Monks made copies of work
Religion
Worked closely with church to create unified Christian
Empire
 Forced conquered to convert
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Law
oral laws recorded, Tribes allowed to keep tribal codes
 enforced Christian teachings
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814: Charlemagne dies
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Empire lost its center
Regional kings grew strong
Charlemagne’s grandsons fought for the throne
843: the Grandsons divided the empire into East,
West, and Middle
Empire was crumbling
Invaders will challenge on all sides!
Think…
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Which of Charlemagne’s reforms were most
important?
 Politics
 Religion
 Education
 Law
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Rank these for from 1 (most important) to 4
Pair…
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Get together with your study group
Agree on ranking
Write on your white board
Share…
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What did you choose and why?
 Show
us your white board!
Vikings
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Come from northern Europe: Scandinavia (Norway,
Denmark, Sweden)
“Norsemen” or Northmen
Society was rural and agricultural
Fishers, farmers
Soil not fertile: growing was hard
As population grew, Vikings had to look for other
sources of food
Viking Raids
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Superb ship builders
Ships could carry 100 warriors
NAVIGATION: PLANNING THE COURSE ACROSS
THE SEA
First targets
 England
 Northern
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France
Eventually moved farther
 Constantinople
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Sailed upriver
 Aachen
& Paris
& Kiev
Viking Raids
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People lived in fear of Vikings
 Had no warning Vikings were coming
 Fast-moving ships meant little time to prepare
 Killed or captured any defenders who stood in way
 Grabbed everything they could
 Captured people sold into slavery
Viking Raids
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Favorite targets were monasteries
 Monks
not warriors
 Easy to plunder
 Had fine treasures
 Jeweled
crosses
 Gold/silver candlesticks
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Vikings weren’t Christians, felt nothing wrong with it
Viking Settlements
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Not all Vikings were raiders
 Explorers
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Some explorers settled in far-off places
Iceland
 First
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Vikings arrived in 700s
From Iceland they settled even farther
 SAGAS:
LONG ICELANDIC STORIES ABOUT HEROES
 Explored Greenland in 982
 Leif Eriksson reached North America
Magyars
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Invading Europe from the East
 From
Central Asia
 Nomads in present day Hungary
 Fierce warriors on horseback
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Planned carefully
 Never
attacked heavily defended towns
 Attacked smaller settlements
 Loot and flee!
Muslims
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First came as conquerors in 711
 North
Africa crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to Spain
 Made rapid conquest of Spain
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Capital city: Cordoba, Spain
 One
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of most wealthy and culturally advanced cities
Land of tolerance
 Jews,
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Christians, and Muslims lived in peace
Raided Rome, France, Byzantine Trade Routes
Feudal System – Social system,
exchange of service for land
Lords
 Knights
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 Given
a
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 Becomes
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 Pledges
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Manorial System
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Lords
 Own a manor
 (house with land)
 Work
land
 Rotate crops
 Village built to
support manor
Life in the Middle Ages
Castle Living
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Great Hall
Climate
Decorations
Village Living
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Cottages
Straw floor & roof
Fire
You will create a Visual Representation
of either…
Daily life in a Castle
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Represent the
Manorial
system
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Lord
Serf
Fields/Crops
Pastures
Manor House
Village
Necessities
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Daily life in a Village
And Life in the
Castle
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Windows
Climate
Space
Hall
Carpets
Bedrooms
Latrines
Family
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Represent the
Manorial
system
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Lord
Serf
Fields/Crops
Pastures
Manor House
Village
Necessities
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And Life in the
Village
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Cottages
floor
Windows
Roof
Furniture
Fire
Family
This can be done many ways:
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Photograph
Drawing
Painting
Diorama
Sculpture
Comic Strip
Photo Book
Film
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Blueprint
Collage
Interior Design Sketch
Home Magazine
PowerPoint
Website
Today:
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Read through the content (pg 382-386)
Take notes of what to include
Write a Proposal of what you plan to do this
weekend
Begin sketching, planning your project on the back
of the proposal
Sign and hand in your proposal
Project due on Tuesday!!
Feudalism
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During Viking Invasions, kings
couldn’t defend their lands & their
nobles’ lands
Nobles had to find a way to
defend land
CASTLES!
 Built
on hills (easier to defend)
 Not elaborate
 Built of wood
 Shelter during attack
Feudalism – exchange of land for service
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To defend their castles, Nobles
needed
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In payment, the Noble/Lord gave the
Knight
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This made the knight a
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Feudalism –exchange of land for service
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In return for land a vassal
promises
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Complications:
A
person could be Lord AND vassal
 A Knight could serve many
 All should be UNDER the king,
however many lords had more land,
money & power than kings
Feudalism –exchange of land for service
KING
NOBILITY or
LORD
KNIGHTS
VASSALS
Manorial System – Medieval, economic
exchange of land, service, and food
(not slaves, but needed
permission to leave,
marry, etc)
Manor House
Blacksmith, Mill, Bakery,
Church, Village
If attacked, village would
go to manor house
Growth of European Monarchies
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Anglo-Saxons united under Alfred the
Great
After Alfred’s heirs died, two men
claimed throne
Harold (Anglo-Saxon Nobleman)
 William, Duke of Normandy in France
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William wouldn’t take no for an
answer
William won the crown at Battle of
Hastings
Domesday Book
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To learn more about his kingdom,
William ordered a survey
The English gained more power in France
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William’s descendants inherited
his position as duke of
Normandy
Henry II & Eleanor of Aquitaine
ruled all of England, and half of
France
English kings ignored any feudal
obligations to French
Magna Carta
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English kings grew more powerful
Nobles feared kings would abuse
power
King John tried to raise money for
war
 Nobility
 Consent
refused until he signed:
of nobles before taxation
 Suggests that kings aren’t above law
Parliament
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Magna Carta addressed many of
the nobles’ concerns but some
weren’t satisfied
King constantly asking for money
Nobles started a rebellion to get a
say
Agreement that ended rebellion
made:
Holy Roman Empire
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After Charlemagne’s death his
Roman Empire was split apart
936: Otto the Great gained
support from German nobles to
unite German lands, and conquered
parts of Northern Italy
Pope crowned him Emperor the
Spain & Portugal
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Muslims (or Moors) had taken over
Iberian Peninsula in 700s
722, Christian leaders began
expanding westward to fight Moors
Little success until 1000s
Civil War in Muslim Spain weakened
hold
1085: king of Castile captured Toledo
 Aragon, Portugal followed lead
 1236: captured Cordoba
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Power of the Church
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Christianity brought Christendom
together
It touched each aspect of life
 Baptism,
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marriage, death
Sometime around 1000 the
influence of the church increased
Upwelling of:
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Church Reforms
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900s & 1000s popes had little
authority
Bishops made big decisions
Popes weren’t religious, looking for
power
1049 popes began to reform to
gain power
Leo IX – reformed RCC
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Fought wars to increase territory
Collins Type I
Think about:
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Wars for land
Excommunication
for enemies
Quest for power
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How do you think the growing
influence of the pope will affect
European Society in the years to
come?
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