Transcript Feudalism in Europe - mrs-saucedo

Feudalism in Europe
Chapter 13 Section 2
Pg. 322
But First….
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Who overran the western half of the Roman Empire in
the 400s?
Germanic tribes
Why did new languages evolve from Latin?
Germanic language mixed with Latin
Who converted to Christianity and had 3000 warriors
convert as well?
Clovis
The former Roman province of Gaul is now?
France
Why was Charles Martel’s victory at the Battle of Tours
so important?
It saved Christianity in Europe
What did the Treaty of Verdun do?
Split the Empire in 3
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After the Treaty of Verdun, Charlemagne's
3 grandsons broke up the kingdom further
Part of the territory becomes battleground
for attacks on Europe
This leads to a rise in feudalism: military
and political system based on land
ownership and personal loyalty
Invasions
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Between 800-1000, invasions destroy the
Carolingian empire
Muslims invade from the south
Magyars invade from the east
Vikings attack from the north
KNOW THIS MAP!
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Vikings
Magyars
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Muslims
Viking Invasions
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From cold northern
Scandinavia
Most dreaded
attackers
Worship warlike gods
Carried raids at fast
speeds- strike, then
set out to sea before
local troops could
arrive
Vikings
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Used swords and heavy wooden shields
Built amazing boats
Boats could carry 300 men, 72 oars, weigh 20
tons and sail in 3ft of water
Would use shallow streams to loot villages and
monasteries
Were not just warriors, also were traders,
farmers and explorers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwaSSVOPwSE&feature=related
Viking Boats
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=judcMBp
u-AY
Leif Ericson
Most famous
Viking
 Most likely reached
North America
around 1000about 500 years
before Christopher
Columbus
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Viking Invasions End
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Around the same time Leif Ericson reached
the America’s Viking terror faded
Vikings gradually accepted Christianity and
stopped raising monasteries
A warming trend in Europe made farming
easier in Scandinavia, so many didn’t adopt
the Viking seafaring way of life
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http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteache
rs#p/u/37/fIvJ2P0giVc
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Magyars Invasion 
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After Viking invasion
Invade from east in late
800s
Like earlier Huns, they
terrorize Germany and
Italy
Great on horseback,
nomads
Didn’t settle conquered
land
Captured people to sell
as slaves
Attack isolated villages
and monasteries
Overrun northern Italy
Muslim Invasions
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Muslims come from the
south
Seized Sicily, raided Italy
Sacked Rome in 846
Controlled the
Mediterranean Sea and
disrupted trade and were
excellent sailors
Were vengeful- goal was
to plunder land, since
they failed at conquering
the land in 600 and 700s
Living in Fear
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Invasions of Vikings, Magyars and Muslims
caused disorder and suffering
Europeans lived in fear and constant
danger
Central authority proved powerless
Many turned to local leaders with their
own armies
How It Began…
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In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a
peace ceremony. Rollo was the head of the Viking
army and had been plundering the rich Seine
River Valley for years. Charles the Simple was the
king of France but held little power. Charles
granted the Viking leader a huge piece of French
territory, becoming known as Normandy. In return,
Rollo placed his hands between the king’s hands
and swore a pledge of loyalty.
A New Social Order
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Worst years of invaders attacks were 850950.
During this time, rulers and warriors made
similar agreements in many parts of Europe
The system of governing and landholding
called feudalism had emerged in Europe
Feudal System
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Based on mutual obligations
A lord (landowner) granted land called a fief
in exchange for military protection and
other services
Person receiving the fief was a vassal
So, Charles the Simple was the lord, and
Rollo would have been the vassal
Feudalism
(the pyramid)
-The king-
1
-Claimed ownership of
land
2
-Lord
(Noble)-
-Could gain
land from
King
-Could give
and control
land he got
-Peasant-
4
-Worked the land for
little pay
-Bottom of the
pyramid
-Granted land to Lords
(nobles)
-Gave land to vassals if
they fought for him
3
-Knight-Was granted land
by Lord (Noble)
-Could live on land
as long as they
fought for the
lord
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The feudal system didn’t always work so
simply
Relationships between lords and vassals
weren’t always clear cut
The same noble might be a vassal to
several different lords
Lords and vassals tried to use relationships
to their own advantage
Social Classes
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Status determined a person’s prestige and
power
People were placed into 3 groups:
1) Those who fought- nobles and knights
2) Those who prayed- men and women of
church
3) Those who worked- the peasants
Social class was usually inherited
Serfs
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Majority of people in Europe were peasants
Most peasants were serfs
Serfs were people who couldn’t lawfully
leave the place where they were born
Even though they were bound to the land,
they were not slaves
Lords could not buy or sell them
Manor
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The manor was the lords estate
The manor system was the basic economic
arrangement
Lord provided the serfs and peasants with
housing, strips of farmland and protection
from bandits
Life on the Manor
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Serfs tended the lords land, cared for his
animals and maintained the estate
Peasant women shared the duties with her
husband
Owed the lord certain duties like working 34 days, and portions of their grain
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Rare for peasants to travel more than 25 miles
from manor in lifetime!
A manor usually covered a few square miles of
land
Consisted of the lord’s manor house, a church
and workshops
15-30 families lived in the village on the manor
Fields, pastures and forests surrounded the
village
Map of a Manor
Self Sufficient Manor
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Everything needed for daily life was
produced on the manor:
*crops
*fuel
*cloth
*leather goods
*lumber
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The only outside purchases were salt, iron
and a few unusual objects like millstonesstones used to grind flour
Peasant Life on the Manor
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Since it was considered a privilege to live on the
manor, peasants paid a high price
Paid a tax on all grain ground on the lord’s mill
Was considered a crime to avoid paying taxes
Paid a tax on marriage- weddings could only take
place with the lord’s consent
All peasant families had to pay a tithe (church tax)
to the village priest (10% of income)
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Serfs and peasants lived in cottages with
only 1 or 2 rooms
Would warm their dirt floor by bringing pigs
inside
Families would huddle together on pile of
straw crawling with insects to stay warm
Simple Diet
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Peasant diets consisted of:
*vegetables
*coarse brown bread
*grain
*cheese
*soup
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Serfs accepted their way of life, and viewed
it as part of church teachings
Believed God determined a person’s place
in society
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bl12HA1ZmqI (peasant
makeover)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gvRYHUxrhQ (viking wipe
swap)
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/launch_gms_viking_qu
est.shtml
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qSkaAwKMD4&feature=rellist&
playnext=1&list=PL9351F1206C6AD31A (Viking band)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjRoJiz_6_U (Leif Ericson)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPDNjcN12Zw (viking feud)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta3F0JBnEqY&feature=related
(Viking food)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmrY7AgcrqA&feature=related
(sell monks)
Assignment:
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Create the Feudal Pyramid using
illustrations instead of words