Transcript Feudalism in Europe

The Early Middle Ages
Rome is gone!
The Middle Ages
• Rome is gone, barbarians rule Europe
• Roman and barbarian cultures merge
• Kingdoms develop (Franks, Goths, Lombards,
etc.)
The Merovingian Kings (ruled for 200 years)
• Clovis (481-511) unites the
Franks
– How?
• Converts to Roman
Catholicism. Why?
– Excuse to conquer the rest of
Gaul to spread Christianity
– Ties him to the major power
of Europe (the Church)
• Becomes the Frankish
Kingdom (France gets its
name from this)
The Merovingian Kings (ruled for 200 years)
• After Clovis’ death,
individual dukes assert
control (feudalism)
• Reunified by Charles
Martel in 737.
• Halted advance of the
Muslims (Battle of Tours)
Age of Charlemagne
• Frankish King: conquers nearly
all of Europe
• Spreads Catholicism
• Crowned Holy Roman Emperor
by Pope
• Spoke and read multiple
languages
• Tried to bring back education
• Created Medieval Europe
Death of Charlemagne
• Charlemagne’s empire divided between his
three sons
• Louis the German and Charles the Bald each
take the lands that like them the most
• Present the least organized states to brother
Lothar
• Creates lasting divide between Germany and
France
Feudalism in Europe
Terms you need to know
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Feudalism
Lord
Fief
Vassal
Knight
Serf
Manor
Tithe
Long boat
Viking
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Secular
Sacrament
Lay investiture
Cannon law
Clergy
Pope
Cardinal
Monk
Priest
The Vikings, Magyars and Muslims
How did groups like the Vikings, Magyars and Muslims
bring an end to unified govt in Europe?
The Vikings or Norsemen
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Pride in being fierce warriors
Gods were warlike
Discovered Americas
Attacked primarily by water without warning
Early Castles
Alfred the Great of England starts
building them
Late Medieval castles
The Deal
A New Social Order: Feudalism
• In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a peace ceremony. Rollo
was the head of a Viking army. Rollo and his men had been plundering the
rich Seine (sayn) River valley for years. Charles the Simple was the king of
France but held little power. Charles granted the Viking leader a huge
piece of French territory. It became known as Northmen’s land, or
Normandy. In return, Rollo swore a pledge of loyalty to the king.
What did Rollo get?
What did Charles get?
Explain how the deal between Rollo and Charles the Simple led to
Feudalism?
How could this kind of deal lead to future problems?
Feudal
Pyramid
What words do you think of?
1. Manor House
The dwelling place of the lord
2. Village Church
Site of both religious services and
public meetings
3. Peasant Cottages
Where the peasants lived
4. Lord’s Demesne
Fields owned by the lord and
worked
by the peasants
5. Peasant Crofts
Gardens that belonged to the
peasants
6. Mill
Water-powered mill for grinding
grain
7. Common Pasture
Common area for grazing animals
8. Woodland
Forests provided wood for fuel.
The Manor
Sucks to be you (a serf)
The economics of feudalism.
• What did the lord provide the serf?
– Housing – Small 2 room dirt floor. Children rarely
survived past infancy
– farmland – If children did survive they worked the
fields as soon as possible (no education)
– protection from bandits.
• What did the serf have to give the lord in return?
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Tax at the mill
Tax to get Married (and only if the lord agreed)
Tax to the church –Tithe- (10%)
A portion of the grain crop
Work the lords land 3 days a week
Sucks to be you (a serf)
The economics of feudalism.
• Why did serfs rarely leave the manor?
– The manor was a self-sufficient
– Why did the manorial system possibly develop this
way? (2 major reasons)
• What was the life expectancy for a serf?
– 35 years old was an old man.
– Serfs made up 90% of the population of Europe
– Why so young?
Review
• What is the 1st major kingdom after the fall of Rome?
– Frankish
• Who are the first 2 rulers of this kingdom?
– Clovis & Charles Martel
• This kingdom gets another new name, what is it?
– Holy Roman Empire
• Who is the 1st Holy Roman Emperor?
– Charlemagne
• What happens to HRE after Charlemagne’s death?
– Split up between sons
• What causes the breakdown of large kingdoms (not just
HRE)?
– Vikings
• What new system of government and society comes about
because of the Vikings?
– Feudalism
More Review
• What was exchanged for loyalty under feudalism?
– Land or protection
• Who was at the top of the Feudal Pyramid?
– King
• Next?
– Nobles
• What is this guys job?
• What were the large estate farms or small kingdoms that people
lived on?
– Manors
• Who does it suck to be during the Middle Ages?
– Serf
• (or everyone)
Now What?
• Viking raids stop either because of fortifications
of castles or they have conquered and stayed
(England)
– 90% of male population in Most of British Isle has
been driven off or killed by Viking invaders (Angles &
Saxons)
– So much that you are reading this language right now!
• Well, no more Vikings to fight….. How about each
other
• The Pope – only central authority figure must find
a way to keep catholic Europe from killing each
other.
• What does he need?