Transcript For nearly 300 years the Ottomans expanded

The Ottomans
Created by: Ms. Wilson
Ottoman Empire (1300-1918)
• The Ottoman Empire would be one of the most
powerful in the world
• Over time it was weakened until the twentieth
century
• At it’s height: Expanded into Southeastern
Europe, the Middle East and North Africa
• "Universal Empire" and “Unification of
Cultures”
Growth of the Ottoman Empire
• For nearly 300 years the Ottomans
expanded into the Balkans and to
Persia. (pg 508)
• Ghazi: warriors for Islam
THE FOUNDER
Osman (Othman)
• Most successful Ghazi
• Founder of the
Ottoman Empire
• 1299-1326
• Started & Expanded
Ottoman Empire
Orkhan I- Osman’s Son
• Created title: “Sultan” (NC)
• What: “Overlord” or “One with power”; leader
of the Ottoman Empire
Why Did The Ottomans Succeed?
• Gunpowder
• Acted kindly towards conquered people:
– Had official gov’t jobs appointed by the Sultan
– Ottomans tolerated other faiths
– Peasants’ lives improved
Halted in the Ottoman rise:
• Timur the Lane (NC)
• Central Asian warrior
• Burned powerful city of Baghdad & crushed
the Ottoman forces at Battle of Ankara
• 1402
• He halted the expansion of the Ottoman
Empire for a small time.
Mehmet II: 1444-1445; 1451-1481
(“The Conqueror”)
Conquered Constantinople1453
-- Renamed it Istanbul
Opened Constantinople to
many religions
Created Centralized Absolutist
Monarchy
Suleiman the Magnificent (15201566)
• The Magnificent or The
Lawgiver
• Military conquest
• Political leadership
– Criminal & Civil law code
– Simplified taxation
– Reduced gov’t bureacracy
• Strong Navy
• Art & Literature flourished
• Greatest leader in Islamic
History
The Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTAN
Viziers
Heads of
Individual
Religious Millets
Beys / Knights
Local Administrators
& Military
Landowners /
Tax Collectors
Muslims
Jews
Christians
The Golden Age of the Ottomans
Muslim Art & Architecture
• The Muslim religion
prohibited the picturing
of human and natural
forms.
• Muslim art was
channeled into artistic
displays of great
complexity and
ornamentation.
Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom]
Interior of the Hagia Sophia
Janissaries
• What: Ottoman military soldiers
that followed Devshirme policyboys from conquered Christian
areas must serve
• VERY strict discipline
– Monastic lives
• Convert to Islam
• Unable to marry
• BUT could rise to high gov’t
positions
HAREM
• The “Sacred Place”– forbidden to males
• Queen Mother–
• Sometimes Thousands lived here– ALL
women, and boys until they were 16
– “Favourites”, wives, daughters, etc.