Transcript The World Around 1500

Islamic Empires
Interactions and Conflict
Importance of Trade
• By the 15th Century, technological and
scientific advances had been exchanged
among the cultures of the world:
• Paper, the compass, silk, & porcelain (China)
• Textiles, numerical system (India &
Ottomans)
• Medicine, astronomy, and mathematics
(Mideast, Africa, and Asia)
The Islamic Empires
The Ottomans
• The Ottoman Empire lasted for over 600
years (13th to 19th Centuries)
• Fell in 1922 (after WWI)
• The Ottoman Empire was concentrated in
Asia Minor on the Anatolian Peninsula.
• It emerged as a political and economic
power following the fall of Constantinople
(1453) , which was renamed Istanbul.
The Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans
• The Ottomans expanded their empire into
• Southwest Asia (Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan,
Israel, and parts of Saudi Arabia)
• Southern Europe (Balkan Peninsula: Serbia,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and Albania)
• Parts of North Africa.
• The Ottomans ruled Christians, Jews, and
Muslims but ISLAM (Sunni) was the
unifying religion.
The Ottomans
• The Ottoman Empire benefited from its
location: controlled most east/west
trade.
• The Empire produced mostly coffee and ceramics.
• The spices, silks, timber, gunpowder,
technological advances passed through
their empire on the way to Europe, which
made them rich.
• Why are the Ottomans Important?????
Important People
• Osman (1300-1326)
• Warrior for Islam = ghazis
• West called him Othman – Ottomans named after
him
• Gunpowder = first people to use cannons and carried
muskets
* Ottoman Rule
~ kind
~ appointed local Sultans
~ improved lives of peasants
~ non-Muslims pay tax
Important People
• Timur the Lame (Mongol)
•
Technically conquered the Ottoman Empire, but was not
interested in Anatolia – Osman’s power grew
• Conquered Russia and Persia
• Burned Baghdad to the ground
• Died on way to China
• Mehmet II (the Conqueror)
• Son of Timur
• Captured Constantinople from
Byzantine Christians
• Renamed Istanbul
Turning point in history:
Capture of Constantinople
Important People
• Selim the Grim (1512)
• Overthrew his father and killed his brothers
• Conqurered Egypt and Saudi Arabia
• Suleiman I (1520)
“The Magnificent”
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Selim’s son
Empire reaches height
Ruled for 46 years
Empire fell – corruption
• Suleiman video
Cultural Achievements
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Cultural Diffusion – blending of cultures
Astronomy and math
Schools
Art and Literature
Spices, Silk (from China)
Used Gunpowder (from China)
Political Characteristics
• Vizier – head administrator
• Janissaries – elite military group, which
gained great power
• “Devshirme” – Young Christian boys, from
conquered territories, became slaves to
Sultan
• Learned Turkish and converted to Islam
• Served as bureaucrats or infantrymen in army
Fall of Ottoman
• Began to decline in 17th century – too
large
• Fall of Ottoman Empire
• Crash Course Crash Course
Safavid
• The Safavid Empire
consisted of present
day Iran and parts of
Afghanistan and Russia.
• Ruled by a Shah or
emperor.
• Islam (Shiite) was the
unifying religion.
• Caught between the
Ottomans and the
Mughals and thus has
limited influence.
Cultural Blending: Safavid
• Members of an Islamic brotherhood
joined Shi’a Muslims
• Isma’il (1499)
• Leader of army – 14yrs old
• Fought Ottomans (Sunni Muslim)
• Destroyed Sunni population in Baghdad
• Selim the Grim responded by killing nearly 40,000
Shi’a Muslims
• Fighting still continues today Fighting today
Safavid
• Golden Age 1588
• Shah Abbas “Abbas the Great” (1588-1629)
• Blend of Persian, Ottoman, and Arab worlds
• Reformed army (2 armies; 1 Persian and 1
Ottoman)
• Reformed government
• Punished corruption
• Created good relationships
with Europe and China
• Collapse under internal
attacks
* Persian rugs
The Mughals
• Descendants of the
Mongols, Muslim Mughal
(Mogul) rulers of India and
surrounding regions.
• Babur – descendant of Timur
and Genghis Khan conquered
Delhi
• Location of their Empire:
• Northern India
• Parts of Pakistan,
Bangladesh, and
Afghanistan.
Founded
•
Golden Age (1556-1605)
• Akbar “Great One”
• Religious Freedom
• Blended cultures – Islam and Hinduism
• Sikhism – new religion, rejects Caste System
• Attempted to outlaw the practice of sati
• Built Military – lots of fire power
• Language – Hindi = mix of Persian and local
• Shah Jahan
• Built Taj Mahal (Tomb!)
• Built it after wife died (Mumtaz Mahal)
• She died after giving birth to 14th child
• 20,000 workers – 22 years = much suffering
The Mughals
• Contributions
• Spread Islam into India
• The Mughals ruled an empire of mostly Hindu.
• Like the Ottomans they built many impressive
temples and shrines.
• Taj Mahal
• Their culture was a blend of Hindu and Muslim.
• They carried on an extensive trade with the
Europeans after their arrival during the late 15th
Century.
The Mughals
• The Portuguese, British, and Dutch
(Netherlands) all competed for the Indian
Ocean trade.
• These Europeans (French, Dutch, Portuguese)
arrived in India in the late 14th century-set up
trading posts.
• Western Coast with local rulers of the Mughal
Empire.
• The British gained a monopoly by the 1600s.
• Cotton and Indian textiles were the primary
product.
• Explore the Taj Mahal