Transcript 3 STAGES OF MEMORY

3 STAGES OF MEMORY
SENSORY MEMORY
Lasts 1-2 seconds and then fades
Iconic
0.5 sec. long
Echoic
3-4 sec. long
Hepatic
< 1 sec. long
SHORT-TERM MEMORY
AKA: working memory
Working memory, the new name for
short-term memory, has a limited
capacity (7±2) and a short duration
(20-30 seconds).
CAPACITY OF SHORT-TERM
MEMORY
7, + or – 2 (5-9 items)
George Miller
CHUNKING
Organization of items into familiar or
manageable units
1-7-7-6-1-4-9-2-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1
1776 1492 1812 1941
INTERFERENCE
Occurs when new information
appears in STM and takes the place
of what is already there
MEMORY EFFECTS
Primacy Effect: tendency to recall
the initial items in a series
Recency Effect: tendency to recall
the last items in a series
Serial Position Effect: tendency to
forget the middle items in a series
LONG-TERM MEMORY
Permanent Memory
Maintenance Rehearsal: repeating
over and over again
Elaborative Rehearsal: remembering
new information by relating it to
information that is already well
known
3 STAGE MODEL