Transcript “I Perceive, I Remember” By Miriam Mendoza

“I Perceive, I Remember”
By Miriam Mendoza
Table of Contents
Storage in the Brain
•Hermann Ebbinghaus
•Stages of Storage
•Types of Storage
•Serial Position Effect
• Encoding
•Mnemonic Devices
•Organizing Information
•Retrieval when Lost
•Sources
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Storage in the Brain
•Working
memories in the Prefrontal
Cortex (behind forehead)
----important in consciousness
• Short-term memory is in
temporary electrochemical
connection among neutrons
• Then transferred to side of
Temporal Lobe (long-term)
•Long-term in the Hippocampus and
Amygdala which relates to sight and
sound (long-term potentiation)
•Fun
Fact: “Brain
Fingerprinting” detects the
electrical activity that works
with recognition.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
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Ebbinghaus was born in
Germany on January 24, 1850
Studied at the University of
Bonn (Ph. D. in Philosophy)
He conducted the first
memory experiments
Developed a children’s
intelligence test
Opened psychology lab at the
University of Berlin
Said the more you rehearse
and practice, the more you
memorize
Stages of Storage
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Encoding- getting information into the memory system
Storage- retaining information in memory over time
Retrieval- getting information out of memory storage
Example: Learn new topic…..Study the topic information….Take the
test for the topic.
Types of Storage
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Sensory Memory: brief hold of memory (less than half a second)
this is usually the information you need at moment
Short-term memory: memory that is kept for 30 seconds; A.K.A. the
working memory. Limited because our
consciousness, which holds it, is limited
Long-term memory: memory that is kept in the brain for a pretty
long time (permanent)
Flashbulb memory: (could be random) a vivid memory that has stayed
in your brain for a long time. Emotionally important
Serial Position Effect
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This is a common effect that
happens to most people
When given a list of items of
names, people tend to
remember the first and last
things on the list
Primacy Effect: Recall the items
at the beginning of the list
Recency Effect: Recall the
items at the end of the list
Encoding
Semantic Encoding:
encoding a meaning (Finding
meanings, explanations, and
researching)
 Acoustic Encoding: have
memories that are triggered by
sounds.
 Visual Encoding: have
memories that are triggered by
images and people
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Self-Reference Effect:
memory information that will
be remembered because you
made a connection from your
own life
Mnemonic Devices
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Basically memory tricks
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Method of Loci: associate
items with imaginary
places and things
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Peg-Word System:
associate items with list
of words that are easy to
memorize
Organizing Information
“Chunking” is when information is organized
into large topics
 Hierarchy: once there are large topics, the
information is now specifically placed into
certain groups.
 Rehearsals: memorize the information to the
point that it comes naturally
 Overlearning: memorizing when it is already
memorized
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Retrieval when Lost
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Two types of memories that are
triggered back into the mind:
-Explicit memory: facts and
experiences
-Implicit memory: skills and
procedures
Recall: “memory searching”, you go
into the brain to get the memory
Recognition: once you have the
memory, you identify the facts,
people, and places
Context Effect: effect that brings
back memories that are similar to
the present situation
State-dependent memory: effect
that brings back memories that
have similar emotions and physical
feelings to present situation
Sources
Sweeny, Michael S. Brain: The Complete Mind.
“Memory Forms”. National Geographic. Wash.
D.C. 2009.
 Evans-Martin, F. Fay. The Human Body: How It
Works. Infobase Publishing. New York. 2010.
 Broeker, Charles. Thinking About Psychology.
“Module 22 and 23.” Worth Publishers. 2008.
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