Transcript NonrenEnergy_Notes

Nonrenewable
Energy
FOSSIL FUELS:
OIL, NATURAL GAS & COAL
What resources do you think
every American will need/use
in their lifetime?
Energy from the Earth’s Crust
Nuclear power
6%
Hydropower, geothermal,
solar, wind
6%
Natural
Gas
22%
Biomass
10%
Energy Sources:
How does America
compare to the
World?
Nuclear power
8%
Coal
23%
Oil
33%
World
Natural
Gas
24%
Hydropower
geothermal
solar, wind
3%
Coal
23%
Oil
39%
United States
Biomass
3%
US Energy Usage by Type
OIL
PROS
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&
40-100 yr. supply
Low cost comparatively
High energy
EZ transport
Low land use
CONS
o low prices
discourages research
for alternatives
o air pollution – CO2
Arctic
Ocean
ALASKA
Trans Alaska
oil pipeline
Prince William
Valdez
Sound
Gulf of
Alaska
Prudhoe Bay
Beaufort
Sea
Coal
Gas
Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge
Oil
High potential
areas
CANADA
Pacific
Ocean
UNITED STATES
Grand
Banks
Atlantic
Ocean
MEXICO
Fossil
Fuels in
the U.S
ALABAMA
LOUISIANA
GEORGIA
MISSISSIPPI
TEXAS
FLORIDA
GULF OF MEXICO
Active drilling sites
Offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico
World Oil Supplies
The US has
<3% of the
World Oil
WORLD SUPPLIES
• OPEC – 11
countries have
~80% of oil
– Saudi Arabia has
the most
• USA uses ~ 30% of
world supply
– mostly imported
Natural Gas
PROS
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Ample supply
Low cost
High energy
Cleanest Fossil Fuel
Low land use
EZ transport
&
CONS
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CO2 release
Methane leaks
Explosive
Often wasted at wells
Supply
• Natural Gas
reserves
~ 125 years world
~ 80 years US
Create a # for conserving
Natural Gas
COAL
• Solid fossil fuel
– composed of carbon,
sulfur, mercury & trace
radioactive elements
• Differencing grades
depend on pressure:
– Peat, lignite, bituminous,
anthracite (BEST)
World Wide Coal Reserves
• The USA
has a
good
supply
Supply of Coal….maybe 300 years?
Coal
PROS
• Supply
• High energy
• Low cost
&
CONS
• SEVERE land
disturbance
• air and water
pollution
• Human health
• CO2 when burned
• Radioactive &
mercury particles
into air
Nuclear Energy
• Fission
Reactors
– splitting atoms
• Uranium - 235
• Potentially
dangerous
– 3 Mile Island
– Chernobyl
(worst disaster)
• Radioactive
wastes
Three closed loops
Nuclear Power Plant Sites
Nuclear Power
PROS
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Large supply
High energy
Low enviro. impact
Less CO2
Moderate land
disturbance
&
CONS
• High cost to build
nuclear energy plants
• Accidents
• Wastes!!!
Underground Burial
Storage Containers
Fuel rod
Primary canister
Ground Level
Unloaded from train
Personnel
elevator
Air shaft
Nuclear waste
shaft
Overpack
container
sealed
Underground
Buried and capped
Lowered down shaft
Fig. 17-28 p. 373
What about fusion?
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Fuses two small atoms
Produces TREMENDOUS energy
Powers our sun
Clean energy
Technologically difficult due to high
temperatures required
Would you rather live next to a
coal mine or a nuclear plant?
Why?