Transcript Ch. 11 Resources and Energy

Resources & Energy
BIG Ideas:
 People
and other organisms use
Earth’s resources for everyday
living.
 People use energy resources,
most of which originate from the
Sun, for everyday living.
 The use of natural resources can
impact Earth’s land, air, and
water.
I. Resources
 Limited
 Two
categories:
–Renewable: can be replaced by
nature at a rate close to the rate
at which they are used
–Nonrenewable: renewed very
slowly or not at all
A. Renewable Resources
 Resources
that can be
replaced within a human’s
lifetime
 Name a few resources that
you think are considered
renewable…
Water
Wind
Vegetation
Sunlight
B. NONrenewable Resources
that cannot be
replaced once they are used
 Name a few resources that
you think are considered
nonrenewable…
 Resources
Coal
Oil
Minerals
C. Formation of Ores
 Ores:
Deposits of metals and
non-metals that can be
removed (mined) from the
crust profitably.
 Can you think of some
examples?
Examples of ORES:
 pyrite
 gold
 magnetite
 silver
 hematite
 copper
 galena
 zinc
 graphite
 nickel
 sulfur
 lead
 platinum
II. Fossil Fuels
 organic
in origin (formed from living
things)
 nonrenewable
 may cause pollution
 relatively cheap
 easy to use
 What
fossil fuels do you know of?
Examples of Fossil Fuels:
 coal
 petroleum
 natural
 the
gas
main sources of energy
for transportation, farming,
and industry…
 More
than 75% of energy
used in the United States for
electricity, heat, and
transportation is nonrenewable (fossil fuels)
A. Coal
 Peat:
brownish partially
decomposed plant remains
 Lignite:
water and gases squeezed
out into a denser material (brown
coal)
 Bituminous
Coal: formed as a
result of pressure of more
deposited sediment above (soft
coal)
 Anthracite:
produced by
extremely high temperatures and
pressure; the hardest of all coals
 Is
anthracite most like an
igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic rock?
 WHY?
 Bituminous
coal and
anthracite consist of 80-90%
Carbon, and produce a great
amount of heat when they
burn
coal
B. Petroleum and Natural Gas
 Petroleum
and natural gas
are mixtures of hydrocarbons
 Hydrocarbons formed from
microorganisms that lived in
oceans or lakes millions of
years ago
 Petroleum = oil = liquid
hydrocarbons
 Natural gas = hydrocarbons
in gaseous form
 Crude
Oil: unrefined petroleum
 Petrochemical:
chemicals derived
from petroleum
– synthetic fabrics
– medicines
– tars
– waxes
– synthetic rubber
– insecticides
– chemical fertilizers
– detergents
– shampoos
III. Alternative Energy
A. Solar Energy
1. Passive Systems

greenhouses or
home windows

no working parts
2. Active Systems
solar collectors:
glass boxes with
tubes that
circulate water
 sun heats the
water as it
moves through
the tubes

B. Geothermal Energy
 Energy
from
the heat of the
Earth’s interior
 Where
water flows through rock
heated by magma
 Hot water (steam) results
 Creates source for huge supply of
energy
 80% of homes in
Iceland are heated
geothermally
 Generally
used in areas of
volcanic activity…
C. Water and Wind Energy
1. Hydroelectric Energy: Energy made
by moving water
11% of U.S. electricity is hydroelectric
2. energy from
tides
3. energy from
wind
D. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Fission: a heavy nucleus
divides, releasing large amounts of
energy.
 Advantage:
1.
– Does not produce carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases

Disadvantages:
– High operating costs
– Concerns about radioactive
wastes
– Nuclear accidents
2.
Nuclear Fusion: multiple atoms join
together to form a heavier nucleus
– The energy source of the future
– Process that provides the sun and stars
with energy to shine
– Has been used to produce
nuclear bombs
– Not yet successfully
controlled
E. Biomass

Fuels derived from living things:
– wood
– field crops
– fecal material
IV. Virginia’s Rock & Mineral
Resources
 Coal
 energy
 Gravel and crushed stone 
road construction
 Limestone  making
concrete