Transcript Nonrenewable sources of energy

Sources of Energy &
Nonrenewable energy
Control Power
CVHS
Energy vs. Power
Energy and Power are terms that people
often use interchangeably but….They are
different!
Energy is defined as “the ability to do work”
Energy vs. Power
Power is a term used to describe the measure
of work being done (rate)
Types of energy
Potential Energy: Stored energy or
energy waiting to happen
Kinetic Energy: Energy in motion
Forms of energy
Light
Heat (Radiant)
Mechanical
Chemical
Electrical
Nuclear
Sources of energy
Inexhaustible
Renewable
Nonrenewable
Inexhaustible energy
This is a source of energy that can be
considered permanent (at least for a few
million more years).
Examples: Sun, Wind, Waves, Geothermal
Renewable Energy
This is a source of energy that can be
replenished if it is used.
Examples: wood, ethanol, food, etc.
Nonrenewable Energy
This is a source of energy that once used,
cannot be replenished
Examples: Coal, Natural gas, Nuclear, etc.
Energy Laws
2 Laws
The First Law of Thermodynamics states:
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be
transformed from one form to another. The total energy in
any system is considered to be constant.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states:
• A natural process always takes place in such a direction as
to cause an increase in the randomness (entropy) of the
universe.
(All energy in will not be transferred into useful work out)
Efficiency
Efficiency = Output / Input x 100
Entropy plays an import role
• more entropy, less efficiency
Entropy causes energy to be lost in the
process to heat, etc.
These are considered losses because
they do not contribute to the usable
power output
Nonrenewable energy
Currently the largest source of energy
consumed in the world (90%) is from
nonrenewable energy sources (fossil
fuels)
Nonrenewable Energy Sources
Fossil Fuels
Uranium
Fossil Fuels
Coal, oil, natural gas
Formed from decaying plant and animal
life left underground for millions of
years
Types of Coal
Peat: First step in coal timeline. Considered
renewable because it takes less time to form
Lignite: Next step, large moisture content, more
stored energy
Subbituminous: Even more energy, used as an
industrial fuel
Bituminous: Very dense and black Used mostly for
electricity production because of its high energy
content
Anthracite: Burns cleaner than others, Not as much
energy, used as a home heating oil
Synfuels
Uses coal to make a synthetic liquid or
gas fuel
May provide viable alternative to crude
oil if technology improves, or oil prices
drastically rise (US has a large supply of
coal)
Oil (Petroleum)
Known as crude oil in natural state
Must be refined for use
Refining takes place in a fractioning
tower to produce gas, diesel, kerosene,
tar, etc.
Fractioning Tower
Oil Sand & Oil Shale
Uses oil shale and oil
sands to make fuel
Oils must be crushed &
heated out of these
sediments
Very time consuming
and expensive
May provide viable
alternative to crude oil
if technology improves,
or oil prices drastically
rise
Natural Gas
Made up of ethane, propane, methane,
& Butane
Cleanest burning fossil fuel
Found above crude oil deposits
Transported in pipelines
Stored in aquifers during low-use
months
Fossil Fuels & The Environment
Burning Generates CO2,
CO, NO, & SO’s
These lead to acid rain
& greenhouse effect
Hazardous Spills
Damage to landscape
(strip mining, etc)
Health concerns