Transcript Nonrenewable Energy

Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels
Objectives:
1. 2.0 Evaluate various fossil fuels for their effectiveness as
energy resources.
2. 3.0 Evaluate other sources of energy for their
effectiveness as alternatives to fossil fuels.
Discussion
• What is the difference between renewable
energy and nonrenewable energy?
• Give examples of each.
• Which type do you think is used most
worldwide?
• Do you think there is a difference in the types
of energy used by developed and developing
countries?
Fossil fuels:
• Def: the remains of ancient organisms that
changed into coal, oil, or natural gas
I. Fuels for Different Uses
• Used for 4 main purposes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
?
?
?
?
II. Electricity – Power on Demand
• Advantages:
– Travels long distances in short time
– Convenient
• Disadvantages:
– Difficult to store
– Has to be generated from other sources
A. How is Electricity Generated?
1. Electric generator: a machine that converts
mechanical energy (motion) into electrical
energy
2. Turbine: a wheel that changes the force of a
moving gas or liquid into energy.
a. Heated water produces steam to turn the turbine.
b. The turbine spins a generator to produce
electricity.
Most power plants only convert 33-40% of
the energy in fossil fuels into electricity.
Where does the rest of the energy go?
III. Energy Use
A. World Patterns
B. Energy Use in the U.S.
1. Only Canada and the United
Arab Emirates use more
energy per person than the
U.S.
2. Why do you think we use so
much more than other
countries?
3. What do you think is the
largest use of energy in the
U.S.?
IV. How Fossil-Fuel Deposits Form
Uneven distribution is due to the geological
histories of the regions.
Coal
Formation
Uses
Environmental
Effects
Petroleum
Natural Gas
A. Coal Formation
1. From the remains of plants in swamps
2. As ocean levels rose and fell, swamps were
layered with sediment, compressing plant
remains.
3. Heat and pressure in the earth’s crust caused
coal to form.
4. Most in eastern U.S. formed 250-300 million
years ago under extreme heat and pressure
5. Most in western U.S. formed 40-100 million
years ago
B. Oil and Natural Gas Formation
1. Both form from the decay of tiny marine
organisms that accumulated on the bottom of
the ocean millions of years ago.
2. Buried under sediment and heated until they
became energy-rich carbon molecules
3. Found in porous rock formations
• Why in AK, TX, CA, and Gulf of Mexico? Where
else worldwide?
V. Coal and the Environment
1. Surface mining:
a. Sometimes removes entire mountains to expose
the coal deposit
b. Toxic chemicals in waste rock can contaminate
nearby water, if not contained properly
2. Air Pollution
a. Sulfur found in all coal enters air when burned
b. Higher grade coal burns cleaner and produces
more heat
VI. Environmental Effects of Petroleum
• Def: oil that is pumped from the ground
(AKA, crude oil)
A. When burned, they release air pollutants
B. Oil spills pollute land and water
C. Natural gas is found along with oil, and
burns much cleaner than other fossil fuels.
VII. Fossil Fuels and the Future
• Fossil fuels supply about 90% of energy used
in developed countries.
• As demand increases and supplies dwindle,
what happens to price?
• What can we do to make sure we don’t run
out?
– Alternative energy sources
– Deep-ocean oil reserves
Assignment
1. Popcorn reading: “Case Study” (pp.440-441)
2. Answer questions on p.441
3. Section Review (p.443): 2-4, 6