Transcript EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCEPART 2

EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE
PART 2: Informing Community
Stakeholders About Global Earthquake
Disaster Situations
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
The Process of Becoming an
Informed Community Stakeholder
is Like Learning How to Fly a
Plane Using A Flight Simulator
so: SIMULATE GLOBAL
EARTHQUAKE SITUATIONS
UNTIL THEY BECOME YOUR REALITY
RISK ASSESSMENT
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
YOUR
COMMUNITY
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
• PPREPAREDNESS
• PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
RESILIENCY POLICIES
• PREPAREDNESS
(BE READY FOR
ANYTHING)
• PROTECTION
(BUILD TO
WITHSTAND)
• SCENARIOS
(KNOW WHAT TO
EXPECT)
RESILIENCY POLICIES
• EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
(SAVE LIVES &
PROTECT
PROPERTY)
• RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
(RESTORE & NORMALIZE SERVICES)
AN INFORMED COMMUNITY
STAKE HOLDER
MAKES GOOD
DECISIONS BASED
ON THE BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE ON
GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE REALITIES
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
TOOLS FOR ENACTING AND
IMPLEMENTING POLICIES ON
PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION,
SCENARIOS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
and RECOVERY & RECONSTRUCTION
• OCCURRENCE
(PLATE TECTONICS, LOCATION, FAULTING,
SEISMICITY, …)
Earthquakes occur as the result of
global interactions between and
within tectonic plates in the
lithosphere that are slowly moving
past each other as the result of
stresses created by heat flow from
deep inside the Earth.
THE TECTONIC PLATES
Figure 2.29
Schematic Diagram of the
Faulting Mechanism
WEST
NORTH
Schematic Diagram of the
Faulting Mechanism
WEST
NORTH
SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT
RUPTURE
OCCURRENCE
The Seismicity Record
Contains Information on
WHERE, HOW BIG, HOW
DEEP, and HOW OFTEN
SEISMICITY: EUROPE
SEISMICITY: USA
SEISMICITY: MID-AMERICA
AND CARIBBEAN BASIN
•PHYSICAL EFFFECTS
(TSUNAMIS, GROUND SHAKING, GROUND
FAILURE, …)
FAULT RUPTURE
DAMAGE/LOSS
EARTHQUAKE
VIBRATION
DAMAGE/LOSS
TSUNAMI
DAMAGE/ LOSS
REGIONAL
DEFORMATION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
FOUNDATION
FAILURE
DAMAGE/ LOSS
AMPLIFICATION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
LIQUEFACTION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
LANDSLIDE
DAMAGE/ LOSS
AFTERSHOCKS
DAMAGE/ LOSS
SEICHE
DAMAGE/ LOSS
SITUATION: A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST
FREQUENTLY IN THE
CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION
• OTHER LOCATIONS
INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN,
HAWAII, CARIBBEAN,
PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN
ISLANDS, GUAM,
WESTERN USA, AND
MEDITERRANEAN
SIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL
WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT
800 KM/ HOUR,
SLOWING TO 50-500
KM/HR AS SHORE IS
REACHED
• WAVE HEIGHTS CAN
REACH 30 M OR MORE
• WAVES CAN TRAVEL
2 KM OR MORE
INLAND
SITUATION:
STRONG GROUND SHAKING
Ground Shaking records Indicate
The Strength, Duration, And
Dominant Frequencies of Ground
Shaking
PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING
MAP
• SPATIAL VARIATION
OF THE SEVERITY
OF GROUND
SHAKING
EXPECTED DURING
A SPECIFIC
EXPOSURE TIME
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:
LIQUEFACTION
SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:
LANDSLIDE
• SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
(DAMAGE, LOSS OF FUNCTION, COLLAPSE,
LOSS OF LIFE, LOSS OF HABITAT, LOSS OF
JOBS, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, LOSS OF
ECONOMIC LOSSES, …)
SITUATION: URBAN DAMAGE
The Kocaeli
(Turkey) Earthquake
of 17 August 1999
SITUATION: INTERIOR LOSS
OF FUNCTION
SITUATION: FAILURE OF URM
BUILDING
SITUATION: COLLAPSE OF
HIGH-RISE APARTMENT UNIT
SITUATION: DAMAGE TO
HOUSING UNITS
SITUATION: 56 MILLION
DAMAGED BUILDINGS
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
OF HOSPITAL
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
SCHOOL
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION:
ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
OF AIRPORT
SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES
SITUATION: DAM FAILURE
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO
UTILITY CORRIDOR
SITUATION: RADIOACTIVITY
LEAK
SITUATION: DEATH TOLL
REACHED 220,OOO+
SITUATIONl: 88,000 DEAD
SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
SITUATION: LOSS OF
FUNCTION IN PORT AREA
SITUATION: RELEASE OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRE
SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND
LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY
SITUATION: LOSS OF FIRE
FIGHTING CAPABILITY
SITUATION: EMERGENCY
MEDICAL SERVICES
SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY
SHELTER
SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS
SITUATION: LOSS OF 40 PERCENT OF
GDP
CAUSES
OF RISK
HIGH VELOCITY OF
INCOMING WAVES
DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
AND RUNOFF
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
TSUNAMIS
CASE HISTORIES
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE WARNING
SYSTEMS
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
SITUATION: $309 BILLION LOSS
FROM TSUNAMI WAVES
SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD
AND WATER
SITUATION: LOSS OF REFINERY
SERVICES