Transcript DISASTER RESILIENCE: THE ONGOING CHALLENGE OF

DISASTER RESILIENCE: THE
ONGOING CHALLENGE OF
COMMUNITIES DURING THE
21ST CENTURY
Dr. Walter Hays,
Global Alliance For
Disaster Reduction
THE CHALLENGE OF THE
21ST CENTURY
• Ensuring the
resiliency of
COMMUNITIES to
today’s
increasingly
complex
disasters.
Recent history has shown
that a community’s survival
depends more than ever
upon its capability to
bounce back after a
complex event causes a
disaster
A SNAPHOT OF OUR WORLD
• 6.6 billion people, and growing while…
• Living and competing in an
interconnected global economy,
• Producing $60 trillion of products each
year, and
• Facing many kinds of complex
disasters that can adversely impact
their 3 S’s, 5E’s, and 1H.
THEIR 3 S’s
• SAFETY (from an
increasing number
of complex events
that are causing
disasters)
• SECURITY
• SUSTAINABILITY
THE FIVE E’s
•
•
•
•
•
ECONOMY
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENT
ECOLOGY
EDUCATION
THEIR H
• HEALTH
A DISASTER is ----- the set of failures that overwhelm the
capability of a community to respond
without external help when three
continuums: 1) people, 2) community
(i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and
social constructs), and 3) complex
events (e.g., floods, earthquakes, ...,)
intersect at a point in space and time.
THE THREE CONTINUUMS OF
EVERY DISASTER
• PEOPLE
• COMMUNITY
• COMPLEX EVENTS
A DISASTER IMPACTS ALL
SOCIETAL ELEMENTS
COMPLEX EVENTS THAT CAN
CAUSE A DISASTER
• Single- or multiple-event natural
hazards that, (for various reasons),
cause extreme levels of morbidity,
mortality, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses, and
environmental impacts.
JAPAN’S MARCH 11, 2011 QUAKE AND
TSUNAMI: A DISASTER
HAITI: DEATH TOLL REACHED
AN ESTIMATED 230,OOO+
BEICHUAN: QUAKE
TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES
DEATHS, INJURED, AND
MISSING IN SICHUAN QUAKE
• The official death toll stood at
69,197 as of Wednesday , July
9th, according to China’s State
Council Information Office .
• The number of injured and
missing stood at 374,176 and
18,379 respectively
ONE-FIFTH OF PAKISTAN
AFFECTED BY FLOODING
ASH CLOUD FROM APRIL 14
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
TSUNAMI RUN UP IN MENTAWAI
ISLAND: INDONESIA
COMPLEX EVENTS THAT CAN
CAUSE A DISASTER
• Loss of function of a critical
part of the critical
infrastructure in a city
(especially true for a megacity)
COMPLEX EVENTS THAT
CAN CAUSE A DISASTER
• Large-scale migration of
people who have suddenly
become refugees
COMPLEX EVENTS THAT
CAN CAUSE A DISASTER
• Conflict and terrorism
COMPLEX EVENTS THAT
CAN CAUSE A DISASTER
• Unanticipated threats
related to “what if”
scenarios or projections of
global warming and global
climate change.
COMPLEX EVENTS THAT CAN
CAUSE A DISASTER
• Environmental
degradation and
pollution of air, water, and soil,
instantaneously and over time.
JAPAN’S FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR
FACILITY: MARCH 11, 2011
Radiation leaks
and threats of
partial melt
down developed
in four of the six
reactors as a
result of the
quake/tsunami.
DEEP WATER HORIZON:
APRIL 22, 2010
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
SOLUTION SET
• To anticipate and plan for the full
spectrum of what can happen
• To build capacity at the community
level for preparedness, protection,
response, and recovery
• To build equity in all sectors of the
community
• To inform, educate, and train
BUILDING CAPACITY FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• Clarify the nature and extent of the
problem on local, regional, and global
scales if a complex event occurs.
• Identify the gaps in capacity in the four
critical elements of the solution.
• Concentrate resources on filling the gaps
in the four critical elements of the solution
and start creating turning points.
RISK ASSESSMENT
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
ANTICIPATORY
DECISIONS
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
YOUR
COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
BEST POLICIES AND
PRACTICES FOR:
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•RESPONSE & RECOVERY
CRITICAL E;EMENTS FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS
(READY FOR ANY
COMPLEX EVENT)
• PROTECTION
(BUILD ESSENTIAL
AND CRITICAL
FACILITIES TO
WITHSTAND)
STEP ONE: FINDING AND
ENGAGING PARTNERS
Finding and engaging
community stakeholders who
are willing to commit to the
goal of becoming a disasterresilient community.
EXAMPLES:
politicians, business
leaders, scientists,
engineers, health-care
specialists, social scientists,
teachers, the print and
electronic media, etc.
STEP TWO: EDUCATING AND
EQUIPING FOR ACTION
The best chance of reaching the goal
is when the community at risk is
well informed about the likelihood of
complex events (e.g., floods) that
can cause a disaster and is
developing the capacity to prepare,
protect, respond, and recover in
case one impacts their community.
CRITICAL ELEMENT ONE
• 1) PREPAREDNESS—
Anticipatory, cost-effective
actions that increase the
community’s readiness for the
complex events most likely to
occur in terms of the community’s location and history.
TORNADOES WERE FUELED BY
UNSEASONLY WARM AIR IN THE SOUTH
RUSSIA: 600 WILDFIRES
BURNING IN 7 REGIONS
CRITICAL ELEMENT TWO
• 2) PROTECTION—
Anticipatory actions that protect
the community’s people,
buildings, and the critical and
essential facilities from failing if
and when a disaster occurs.
TOMAS: IMPACTS SAINT LUCIA
SOLDIERS REPAIR CRACKS IN
ZIPINGPU DAM:DUJIANGYAN
COMMON AGENDA FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• RESPONSE
(SAVING LIVES, AND
ENSURING
CONTINUITY)
• RECOVERY
(BOUNCING BACK
QUICKLY AND
RESUMING LIFE
AVAIN)
JAPAN: EVACUATION OF
CHILDREN, MARCH 2011
JAPAN: MARCH 12, 2011 MASS CARE:
WAITING TO RECEIVE FOOD / WATER
EVACUATIONS TO ESCAPE
FLOODING THREAT
SEARCH AND RESCUE
NEW YORK SNOW FALL:
DEC 26, 2010
HAITIAN’S POOREST OF THE
POOR WITH NO PLACE TO GO
CRITICAL ELEMENT THREE
• 3) RESPONSE—
Actions that focus community
resources on saving lives,
preserving community assets,
and ensuring continuity before,
during, and after a complex
event causes a disaster.
SEARCH AND RESCUE
CRITICAL ELEMENT FOUR
• 4) RECOVERY—
Actions that quickly enable
the community to bounce
back after a complex event
causes a disaster, and
resuming life again.
SICHUAN, CHINA EARTHQUAKE
CLEANUP AND RECONSTRUCTION
UNDERWAY: JULY 9, 2008
BEICHUAN COUNTY, CHINA
As a part of the recovery process,
soldiers are helping by
disinfecting and cleaning up
Beichuan, one of the areas that
was razed to the ground after
suffering heavy damage and
casualties on May 12th.