Transcript MAKING (OR NOT MAKING) OUR WORLD DISASTER RESILIENTIS

MAKING (OR NOT MAKING) OUR
WORLD DISASTER RESILIENT
IS OUR LEGACY
History Will Decide Which Legacy
We Actually Leave
Walter Hays, Global Alliance
for Disaster Reduction,
Vienna, Virginia, USA
DISASTER RESILIENCE HAS A
VERY HIGH BENEFIT/COST
1 < BENEFIT/COST <
1000
THE PAYOFF IS
GREATER SAFETY,
SECURITY, AND
QUALITY OF LIFE FOR
EVRYONE
AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS
NOT DISASTER RESILIENT
• FLOODS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• TSUNAMIS
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
• WILDFIRES
JULY 13, 2013
MILLIONS OF
COMMUNITIES ARE NOT
RESILIENT TO FLOOD
DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN
INUNDATION AND SCOUR
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
CASE HISTORIES
EFFECTS OF WATER ON
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS
INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR
HEALTH PROBLEMS,
INJURIES, AND DEATH
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
VULNERABILITY OF NONSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPEDTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
BECOMING
DISASTER
RESILIENT
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
EARLY WARNING (THE ISS)
AND EVACUATION ARE
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
RECOVERY
AND RECONSTRUCTION
USUALLY
TAKES
LONGER THAN
THOUGHT.
JULY 13, 2013
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
HURRICANE OR TYPHOON
DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
WIND AND WATER
PENETRATE BUILDING
ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES
WINDOWS
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
CASE HISTORIES
STORM SURGE AND HEAVY
PRECIPITATION
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
POOR WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WINDSTORMS
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPECTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL
WINDSTORMS
• WITHOUT
ADEQUATE
PROTECTION, HIGH
VELOCITY WIND
WILL LIFT THE
ROOF OFF OF NONENGINEERED
BUILDINGS.
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL WINDSTORMS.
• DISASTERINTELLIGENT
COMMUNITIES USE
TIMELY EARLY
WARNING TO
EVACUATE PEOPLE
AND TO PREPARE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL
WINDSTORMS
• CAPACITY FOR
INTELLIGENT
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
COMMUNITY
RESILIENCE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL
WINDSTORMS
• CAPACITY FOR
RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
IS ESSENTIAL FOR
COMMUNITY
RESILIENCE.
JULY 13, 2013
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE
FAULTING )
EARTHQUAKES
IRREGULARITIES IN MASS,
STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS
CASE HISTORIES
FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE
RUNUP AND SEICHE
POOR DETAILING OF
STRUCTURALSYSTEM
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
PREPAREDNESS FOR
ALL OF THE LIKELY
AND UNLIKELY
HAZARDS AND
RISKS IS ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
BUILDING CODES
AND LIFELINE
STANDARDS ARE
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
IF APRIORI PLANS
FOR RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
ARE ABSENT, THE
PROCESS WILL BE
LONG, COMPLEX,
AND HIGHLY
POLITICAL
JULY 13, 2013
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
TSUNAMI DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF
INCOMING WAVES
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE
RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
TSUNAMIS
CASE HISTORIES
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
NO WARNING, OR
INADEQUATE WARNING
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TSUNAMIS.
• DISASTERINTELLIGENT
COMMUNITIES USE
TIMELY EARLY
WARNING FROM A
TSUNAMI WARNING
SYSTEM TO
EVACUATE PEOPLE
FROM HARM’S WAY.
LESSON: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS LONG AND COMPLEX
JULY 13, 2013
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
DROUGHT DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
PROLONGED LACK OF
PRECIPITATION
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTIVITY
DROUGHTS
CASE HISTORIES
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF
GROUND WATER
LOSS OF VEGETATION
INSECT INFESTATION
PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND
BY DESERTIFICATION
JULY 13, 2013
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE
NOT RESILIENT TO VOLCANIC
ERUPTION DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
PROXIMITY TO LATERAL
BLAST
IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC
FLOWS
IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS
(TEPHRA)
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
CASE HISTORIES
IN PATH OF VOLCANIC ASH
(AVIATION)
IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS
IN PATH OF LAHARS
IGNORING WARNING TO
EVACUATE
THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE:
1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF
YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES,
2) BE PREPARED
3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM
4) EVACUATE
5) LEARN FROM THE
EXPERIENCE AND START OVER
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
MONITORING, FORECASTING,
AND WARNING ARE VITAL FOR
BECOMING RESILIENT
JULY 2013
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
LANDSLIDE DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
BUILDING ON UNSTABLE
SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO TOPPLES
LANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO SPREADS
CASE HISTORIES
SOIL AND ROCK
SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION
OR GROUND SHAKING
BARE, OVERSTEEPENED
SLOPES
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL LANDSLIDES
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPEDTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL LANDSLIDES
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
(SEARCH AND
RESCUE) IS
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
JULY 13, 2013
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
WILDFIRE DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
LIGHTNING STRIKES
MANMADE FIRES
PROXIMITY OF URBANWILDLANDS INTERFACE
WILDFIRES
CASE HISTORIES
WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED
DEFORESTATION
DENUDED SLOPES
HOT, DRY WEATHER
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPEDTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
EARLY WARNING (THE ISS)
AND EVACUATION ARE
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
USUALLY MEANS
HAVING THE
CAPACITY TO
START OVER.
DISASTER ASSESS.
•NATURAL HAZARDS
•PEOPLE & BLDGS.
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GLOBAL
THE CA: DISASTER
RESILIENCE
COMMUNITIES
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
• PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
EDUCATION FOR GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCE
GOAL: An Infrastructure For Delivering Knowledge and Information to
Communities in Real and Near-Real Time
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
CAPACITY BUILDING
CONTINUING EDUCATION
Hazard Characterization
Public/Private Sector
Partnerships
Update Knowledge Bases
After Each Disaster
Vulnerability Assessment
Use of the Knowledge
Base
Best Practices
Disaster Scenarios For
Training
Towards Disaster
Resilience
Up Close and Personal
Learning
Cause & Effect Relationships
Towards “Intelligent
Cities”
Distance Learning
Event-Action Associations
Warning Systems
Collect, Store and Process
Data
Interface with Other
Information Sources
Increased Knowledge, and
Understanding
Educational Surges for
Disaster Resilience
NORTH AMERICA’S DISASTER
CAUSING EVENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
FLOODS
HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
TORNADOES
ICE STORMS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
NORTH AMERICA’S DISASTER
CAUSING EVENTS
• WILDFIRES
• TSUNAMIS
• ENVIRONNMENTAL
MPACTS
• TERRORISM
TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies
NORTH AMERICA’S PRIORITIES
USE LAND-USE PLAN TO
AVOID HAZARDOUS AREAS
MATCH BUILDING AND
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
WITH HAZARD DEMAND
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS
IMPROVE HAZARD
CHARACTERIZATION MODELS
AND SCENARIO MAPS
IMPROVE EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS, EM.
RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY
REDUCE URBAN
VULNERABILITIES
IMPROVE CAPABILITY TO
CONDUCT PRE-DISASTER
STUDIES FOR FUTURE USE
REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies
NORTH AMERICA’S PRIORITIES (CONTINUED)
IMPROVE PREVENTION,
MITIGATION AND
PREPAREDNESS POLICIES
IMPROVE THE NEXT
GENERATION OF BUILDING
CODES AND STANDARDS
IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF
DAMAGE FROM EACH
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT
IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE
“BEST PRACTICES”
IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS
WARNING SYSTEMS
IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
ENHANCE EDUCATION AND
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
CLOSE “IMPLEMENTATION
GAPS “
ASIA’S DISASTER CAUSING
EVENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
TYPHOONS/CYCLONES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
LANDSLIDES
DROUGHTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies
ASIA’S PRIORITIES
USE LAND-USE PLAN TO
AVOID HAZARDOUS AREAS
MATCH BUILDING AND
INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
WITH HAZARD DEMAND
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS
IMPROVE DISASTER
PLANNING SCENARIOS
IMPROVE EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS, EM.
RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY
REDUCE URBAN
VULNERABILITIES
IMPROVE POST-DISASTER
STUDIES FOR THE LESSONS
REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies
ASIA’S PRIORITIES (CONTINUED)
IMPROVE PREVENTION,
MITIGATION AND
PREPAREDNESS MODELS
IMPLEMENT AND ENFORCE
MODERN
CODES
MENT ANDBUILDING
ENFO
IMPROVE TSUNQMI WARNING
SYSTEMS
IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
IMPLEMENT MODERN
STANDARDS FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
ENHANCE EDUCATION AND
TRAINING PROGRAMMES
ENVIRONMENTS
IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE
“BEST PRACTICES”
CLOSE “KNOWLEDGE” AND
“IMPLEMENTATION GAPS “
E
PACIFIC RIM’S HAZARDS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• FLOODS
• EARTHQUAKES
• TSUNAMIS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies
PACIFIC RIM’S PRIORITIES
FOCUS CULTURAL DIVERSITY
OF REGION ON A COMMON
AGENDA
BUILD TECHNICAL AND
POLITICAL CAPACITY FOR
INT’L ASSISTANCET
FOCUS ON HIGH
BENEFIT/COST IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
INCREASE FINANCIAL
CAPACITY FOR INSURANCE
IMPROVE ALL-HAZRDS
COMMUNICATION
DECREASE BUILDING AND
LIFELINE VULNERABILITUES
IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS
PARTNERSHIPS
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS,
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN’S
HAZARDS
•
•
•
•
•
•
HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
FLOODS
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
• TSUNAMIS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PRIORITIES
INCREASE PUBLIC
AWARENESS OF RISKS
IMPROVE POLICIES FOR
REDUCING RISKS TO BLDGS.
AND INFRASTRUCTURE
CREATE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE
PACTS
REDUCE VULNERABILITIES
ON REGIONAL SCALE
REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON
LOCAL SCALE
CONTINUE CAPACITY
BUILDING IN ALL SECTORS
CREATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE
IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS
COMMUNICATION
EUROPE’S HAZARDS
• FLOODS
• WILDFIRES
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies
EUROPE’S PRIORITIES
IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR ALL
HAZARDS EARLY WARNING
CREATE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE
PACTS
CONTINUE TO CLOSE
“KNOWLEDGE GAPS?
CONTINUE TO CLOSE
“IMPLEMENTATION GAPS”
REDUCE BUILDING AND
LIFELINE VULNERABILITIES
IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR ALL
HAZARDS EVACUATION
INCREASE PROTECTION OF
PEOPLE, LIVELIHOODS, AND
CULTURAL HERITAGE
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS,
EDUCATION, AND TRAINING
MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S
HAZARDS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
EARTHQUAKES
FLOODS
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
TSUNAMIS
DUST STORMS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS (Rare)
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies
MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S PRIORITIES
INCREASE PUBLIC
AWARENESS
IMPROVE EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS
MONITORING
IMPROVE POLICIES AND BEST
PRACTICES FOR RESILIENCE
REDUCE VULNERABILITIES TO
BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
FORGE DISASTER ASSISTANCE
PACTS
INCREASE PROTECTION OF
PEOPLE, LIVELIHOOD, AND
CULTURAL HERITAGE
IMPROVE REGIONAL
COMMINICATION
SUB-SAHARA AFRICA’S
PROBLEMS AND HAZARDS
• POLITICAL
INSTABILITY
• FLOODS
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS (rare)
• HEALTH IMPACTS
• ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM
Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies
SUB-SAHARA AFRICA’S PRIORITIES
INCREASE PUBLIC
AWARENESS
REDUCE SOCIETAL VULNERABILITIES TO FLOODS AND
DROUGHTS
IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH
PROGRAMMES
IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ACCELERATE EDUCATION
(WITH FOCUS ON RISK
REDUCTION TECHNIQUES)
ESTABLISH REGIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS FOR
SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT
INCREASE PROFESSIONAL
TRAINING
ESTABLISH MUTUAL
ASSISTANCE PACTS