Transcript Slide 1 - History by Mills

TAMING THE CITY
CHAPTER 24
Faith Gabito, Gabriel Hergenroeder,
Jasmine Padilla, Chee Vang, & Ronfled
Espinoza
INDUSTRY AND THE GROWTH OF CITIES

Since the Middle Ages, European cities had always been
overcrowded and filthy.
People lived in close proximity.
 There was no proper sewage system
 No effective form of transportation


Under such conditions, diseases spread rapidly

Death rates in cities soared above birth rates; the immense
population maintained its size as rural workers continued to
migrate into cities
IND. AND GROWTH OF CITIES
CONTINUED…

The Industrial Revolution enhanced these undesirable
living conditions

Factories could be built anywhere on land, even away from
rivers and streams
People were not concerned about the condition of their
cities until the 1820's and 1830's
 Improving upon sanitation and transportation methods
was not of widespread concern

EDWIN CHADWICK

Believed that disease and death can cause poverty.


He thought that having a proper way of distrubuting water
and cleaning the sewers was important.


By cleaning the environment, diseases could be avoided
He came up with the idea of using iron pipes for sewage
He influenced the idea of the first public health law, which
created the national health board.
EDWIN CHADWICK
LOUIS PASTEUR

He discovered the germ
theory


Bacteria caused disease
Spending time in breweries
with brewers he discovered
that small, microscopic
organism are used in
fermentation.
o
Being influenced by theses
studies, he discovered
pasteurization.
JOSEPH LISTER
Joseph Lister learned from the
germ theory that aerial
bacteria is connected to open
wound infections.
 He proposed the antiseptic
principle


German surgeons started to
sterilize their: tools, hands, and
clothing.
NAPOLEON III AND URBAN PLANNING

Before 1850, the urban living conditions
were terrible.
Practice of urban planning was not in effect
until after 1850.
 Paris had narrow and filthy streets, high
death rates, and severe overcrowding.

NAPOLEON III AND URBAN PLANNING CONTINUED…

France led the way in urban planning under Napoleon
III.

He gave Georges Haussman the responsibility of planning
Paris.
Created broad boulevards
 Invested in better housing
 More parks
 Improved sewers and water supply

THE EXAMPLE OF PARIS

The urban planning of Paris led to urban development in
other countries, especially after 1870.
Along with new boulevard construction, there were
improvements in public health through better water supply
and waste disposal.
 Old buildings were replaced with boulevards and newer
buildings.
 New boulevards encouraged urban expansion

DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

Development of different forms of transportation
helped improvement of urban living conditions.
In 1870s, horse-drawn streetcars were very popular.
 In 1890s, European countries adopted electric streetcar.


Much of an improvement from horse-drawn streetcars.
DEV. OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CONT…

Efficient mass transit helped
the people to find better
housing.

Allowed cities to expand and
become less congested