Transcript HIV/AIDS
Sexually Transmitted Infections Melissa Kondor HSC 5138 Objectives Today you will learn… 1. 2. 3. Various types of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Modes of transmission & signs and symptoms The risks of STI’s and steps to prevention What is an STI? Sexually Transmitted Infection Any disease or infection that is spread through sexual contact It is estimated that 15 million new cases of STIs occur each year in the U.S. and that, globally, annual new cases of STIs exceed 400 million! Modes of Transmission Sexual activities where STIs can be passed Vaginal sex Anal sex Oral sex (mouth to penis/vagina/anus) Digital sex (i.e.. Using hands or fingers for genital contact) Can also be transmitted from mother to infant during childbirth. Usually spread through: Exchange of body fluids Direct skin-to-skin contact STI: Facts & Stats 50% of all STI cases in U.S. among people ages 15-24 Women are at higher risk of STI transmission Chlamydia is the most common STI in the U.S.; followed by HPV and Herpes By the age of 24, one in three sexually active people will have contracted and STI. Contributing Factors to the Epidemic Risky sexual behavior (unprotected sex with multiple partners) Use of oral contraceptives Limited resources for prevention and treatment Health care providers are not addressing the problem Many STIs are asymptomatic Social stigmas Classifying STIs Bacterial Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis Parasitic Pubic Lice (crabs) Viral Herpes I/II HPV/Genital Warts Hepatitis B STI Trivia #1 Which of these STIs is curable? • Herpes • Genital Warts • Syphilis • Hepatitis B Correct Answer: syphilis Bacterial Infections Caused by some kind of bacteria Common Bacterial STIs: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis Curable with antibiotics If left untreated, can lead to sterility in both men and women Chlamydia Caused by the bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis. Females: 2 types a. Lower reproductive track (urethritis or cervicitis) b. Upper reproductive track (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, PID) Males: Epididymis or non-gonococcal urethritis Gonorrhea Caused by bacteria, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Early symptoms are more likely to be manifested by men, who will probably have a discharge from the penis and burning during urination. Males: infections of prostate, bladder, kidneys. May include Gonococcal Epididymis, which may lead to sterility. Females: May lead to PID, sterility Syphilis Caused by a thin, corkscrew like bacterium called Treponema Pallidum, which has been around at least since the 15th century. If left untreated, will progress through stages. Stages of Syphilis Primary- small, painless sores (chancre) appear at the site where organism entered body. Secondary- The chancre disappears and a generalized skin rash develops Latent-There may be no visible symptoms Tertiary-Heart failure, blindness, mental disturbances, and many other symptoms. Death may result STI Trivia #2 Who has a higher chance of contracting gonorrhea from an infected partner? a. Males from females b. Females from females c. Females from Males d. Males from Males Parasitic Infections Caused by a parasitic organism that feeds off living host Common Parasitic STI: Pubic Lice (crabs) Severe itching, discomfort in genital area Curable Pubic Lice (crabs) Tiny biting insects that live on the body hair and feed off of blood Transmitted through sexual contact or by contact with infected sheets/clothes Primary symptom is itching Treatable with OTC cream/shampoo Viral Infections Caused by a living virus Common Viral STIs: Herpes HPV (Genital Warts) Hepatitis B Treatable, but NOT curable Herpes Herpes Simplex I: Oral Herpes Presents as cold sore or fever blister Can be spread by kissing! Herpes Simplex II: Genital Herpes Blisters on genitals/genital area Contagious during outbreak Can be treated with suppressive therapy Human Papillomavirus HPV: Genital Warts, 100 types The annual Pap smear can detect lesions on cervix Some HPV types cause lesions that can be precancers If not treated, they can eventually become cancers Warts can be treated and removed, but the virus may remain in latent form Viral Hepatitis Disease in which liver function is impaired. 5 types: Hepatitis A,B, C, D and E. Hepatitis B is most often transferred through sexual activity Both A and B can be prevented with vaccination STI Trivia #3 Which of these is the virus that causes genital warts? a. Hepatitis b. Herpes c. Gonorrhea d. Human Papillomavirus Common Signs & Symptoms Sore, bumps, blisters near genitals, anus, or mouth Burning sensation during urination Discharge from penis, vagina, anus Swollen testicles (men) Pain in lower belly (Women) Bleeding from vagina not associated with period (Women) Prevention is the Key Abstinence is the only 100% effective method of preventing pregnancy and contracting STDs Defined as completely refraining from any type of sexual contact Public Health education Reducing the Risk! Practice Safer Sex Use approved latex male or female condoms during sexual intercourse Condoms & “dental dams” should be used during oral sex Limit number of sex partners; practice monogamy Having open discussions with partners Both partners being tested before sexual activity Are you positive that you’re negative?? Getting tested is the only way for a person to really know their status Most tests ~98-99% accurate Be aware of 3-6 month window period Know your options. Different types of tests available Confidential vs. Anonymous Private Physician, Clinic, Home Tests Blood test, Urine test, OraSure, OraQuick Resources UF Student Health Care Center www.shcc.ufl.edu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov Planned Parenthood www.plannedparenthood.com Alachua County Health Department (free STI testing) www.doh.state.fl.us/chdalachua MyStudentBody.com www.mystudentbody.com (enter school code : GATORS)