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Sexually Transmitted Infections Intro to Wellness True or False • • • • • • STIs can be caused by a bacteria or a virus. You can have more than one STI at a time. You always know if you have a STI. If the symptoms of a STI go away, you are cured. Some STIs will never go away. There is no contraception that helps protect against STIs. • You have to have sex in order to get an STI. Did you know? • By the age of 25 - 50% of Americans will have contracted an STI • 1 in 4 women by the age of 18 ▫ More vulnerable to infections based on biology • CDC estimates that nearly 20 million new sexually transmitted infections occur every year in this country, half among young people ages 15–24. Facts about Chlamydia • Caused by bacteria • Most commonly reported STI ▫ Estimated 2.86 million cases occur annually • # 1 cause of infertility • Known as the “silent” disease – often no symptoms • Transmitted through sex and can be passed from mother to baby in child birth • Can be easily treated and cured with antibiotics. • Symptoms include discharge or burning while urinating • If not treated, will spread to fallopian tubes Facts about Gonorrhea • Caused by a bacteria • Grows & multiplies easily in warm, moist areas • Highest reported rates of infection are among sexually active teenagers • Transmitted through sex and can be passed from mother to baby in child birth • Antibiotics can cure gonorrhea Gonorrhea • Symptoms include: burning when urinating, white, yellow or green discharge Facts about Syphilis • Caused by a bacteria • Three stages: Primary, Secondary, Late • Transmitted by direct contact with the sore and can be passed from mother to baby in child birth • Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in the rectum. • Easy to cure in its early stage with antibiotics Syphilis • Symptoms include: a chancre – a single sore at the location the syphilis entered the body, skin rash – secondary, damage to brain & nerves late Facts about HPV • Human Papillomavirus –caused by virus • There are more than 40 types • Transmitted through intercourse, oral sex or genital contact • In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears HPV infection naturally • Vaccines can protect against some of the most common types of HPV • There is no treatment for the virus, just for the diseases it can cause: genital warts, cervical cancer HPV • Symptoms include genital warts, warts in throat, cervical cancer Facts about Genital Herpes • Caused by a virus • 1 out of every 6 people 19 – 49 have genital herpes virus • Transmitted through sex. Virus can be release from skin that does not appear to have a sore. • It is not curable, but you can treat outbreaks Genital Herpes • Symptoms include: clusters of sores on genitals, flu-like symptoms including fever & swollen glands HIV • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Destroys T-cells which help the body fight diseases • Transmitted through body fluids – semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk • Can not be cured, but there are a variety of treatments slow down infection Go see a doctor if… • If you may have been exposed or you have any of the following signs or symptoms: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Odor from penis or vagina Discharge from penis or vagina Painful urination Blisters or sores on or near the mouth, vagina, penis, or anus ▫ Flu-like symptoms that don’t go away ▫ Sore throat that does not go away ▫ Abdominal pain STIs are NASTY! • The surest way to avoid transmission: Abstain from sexual intercourse • Mutually monogamous relationship with someone who is known to be uninfected • Use protection consistently and correctly