Transcript Lifestyle Diseases

Lifestyle Diseases
Unit 5
Cancer
• A disease caused uncontrolled cell growth
• More than 1 million people in US diagnosed
yearly
• Second leading cause of death
• Tumor: a clump of these faulty cells
– Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that invades and
destroys healthy tissue, spreading and eventually
damages vital organs.
– Benign tumor: an abnormal, but usually harmless cell
mass. Can grow large enough to neg affect tissues,
must be removed.
Cancer Cells
• Cancer cells tear through and crush
neighboring tissues
• Strangle blood vessels and take nutrients
needed by healthy cells.
• Metastasis: cells travel(spread) to other parts
of the body. They settle and grow into new
tumors.
Causes
• Damage to the genes that regulate the making
of new cells.
– Damaged genes can be inherited
– Carcinogens(cancer-causing agents) can damage
genes
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Viruses (HPV)
Radioactivity or UV radiation (outside/tanning)
Chemicals in tobacco smoke (arsenic, benzene)
asbestos
Types of Cancer
Breast: highest number of new cases per year
Prostate
Lung: highest number of deaths
Colon
Urinary(bladder or kidney)
Lymphoma
Skin(carcinoma/melanoma)
Leukemia(tissues that produce blood)
Ovarian(Ovaries)
Nervous System(Brain/spinal chord)
Cervical(Cervix)
Detection
Self-Exams
 Skin, breasts, testicles
 Look for growths, sores that don’t heal, moles(size, shape,
color)
Biopsy
 Sample of tissue is taken and examined
 Determine type of cancer and if tumor is malignant or
benign.
Xrays
 Breast: mammogram
MRI: gather images of the body
Blood and DNA tests
Treatment and Prevention
Treating Cancer
 Surgery
Remove tumors
 Chemotherapy
Drugs to destroy cancer cells
But kills body’s healthy cells
Side effects: nausea, fatigue,
hair loss, vomiting
 Radiation Therapy
Beam of radiation fired at a
tumor
Preventing Cancer
 Don’t smoke
 Safeguard your skin
 Eat your veggies and cut
the fat
 Stay active, maintain
weight
 Regular medical checkups
Diabetes
• A disorder in which cells are unable to obtain
glucose from the blood such that high bloodglucose levels result.
• May result in diabetic coma: loss of
consciousness when there is too much blood
sugar and a build up of toxic substance in the
blood.
• Insulin: hormone that causes cells to remove
glucose from the bloodstream.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1
 Insulin Dependent/Juvenile Diabetes
 Accounts for only 5-10% in the US
 Immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.
Body cannot make insulin.
 Symptoms: thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss.
 Insulin injections daily.
Type 2
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Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes
Most common in the US(over 40 and over-weight)
Cells do not respond to insulin. Build up of glucose in blood.
Symptoms: thirst, freq urination, blurred vision, freq infections, slow
healing sores.
Gestational
 Pregnant woman may develop near the end of pregnancy.
 Symptoms same as type 2 but milder, may cause complications.
 Usually goes away after baby is born.
Treatment
There is no cure for diabetes
• Type 1
 test blood-glucose levels several times daily.
 Insulin injections
Type 2
• Diet and Exercise
Sexually transmitted diseases
Unit 5
Sexually Transmitted Diseases(STDs)
• STDs are infectious diseases that are spread by
sexual contact.
• Can lead to infertility, serious illness, death
• About 15 million Americans infected each year
• 25% of all new cases occur in teenagers
between the ages of 15 and 19.
Chlamydia
• Caused by a bacterium that infect the
reproductive organs and causes mucous
discharge.
• Often no symptoms
– Males: painful urination, discharge from penis
– Females: painful urination, vaginal discharge,
pelvic pain
• Antibiotics to treat
Gonorrhea
• An STD caused by bacterium that infect
mucous membranes, including genital mucous
membranes.
• Often no obvious symptoms
– Painful urination, discharge
• Treated with antibiotics but becoming more
difficult to treat b/c it has become more
resistant to antibiotics.
Syphilis
Caused by a bacterium that can cause ulcers or
chancres. Can spread through the blood, damaging the
nervous system and other organs.
3 Phases
 Phase 1: painless ulcer/chancre at entrance place(genitals
or mouth)
 Phase 2: skin rash on part or all of body, fever, swollen
lymph nodes, joint pain, muscle aches
 Phase 3: Latent syphilis: heart and nervous sys damage,
blindness, loss of mental abilities, possible death.
Treated with antibiotics. If treated early, can be cured.
Genital Herpes
• Viral infection caused by the herpes simplex
virus (HSV).
• Two Types
– HSV 1: cold sores, blisters around mouth
– HSV 2: red bumps, blisters, sores around genitals,
Fever with first infection, swollen lymph nodes
• There is no cure. Antiviral meds can shorten
and reduce frequency of outbreaks
• Infected person remains infected for life.
HPV
Human Papilloma Virus
Caused by group of viruses that can cause genital warts
in males and females.
Responsible for more new STD cases than any other
STD in the US.
Often no symptoms
 Genital warts(usually pink or reddish), can lead to cervical
cancer in females
 Genital warts and increased risk of genital cancer in males
No cure… warts can be removed or treated with meds
but will return.
Viral Hepatitis
• Inflammation of the liver.
• Two Types that are sexually transmitted
– B and C
• Symptoms: jaundice, fatigue, muscle aches,
fever, loss of appetite, dark urine
• No cure for B or C. There is a vaccine to
prevent B. Meds may help stop the spread.
• Can lead to liver damage, failure, cancer,
death if untreated.
Trichomoniasis
• Caused by a single-celled protozoan.
• Sometimes no symptoms in males.
• Symptoms: itching in genital area, discharge,
painful urination
• Can be cured with a prescribed medicine.
• Leads to bladder and urethral infections in
women and inflammed urethra in men.
Pubic Lice
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Strain of lice found in pubic hair. “Crabs”
Spread by skin-to-skin contact
Symptoms: intense itching in the pubic area.
Medications can kill the lice. Must wash
clothes and linens in hot water to kill eggs.