Transcript Unit 8 Noncommunicable Diseases and Disabilities

Noninfectious Diseases
and Disabilities
Quick Question?
• What do you think is the #1 killer in
the United States today, and why?
#1
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Cardiovascular disease accounts for
45% of all deaths in the U.S. in
persons 45 or older
Risk Factors for
Cardiovascular Disease
• Hereditary-family
• Ethnicity-AA twice as likely to
develop high blood pressure
• Gender-males at greater risk, #1
killer of women
• Age-45 and older
• Environment, smoke, stress, pollution,
and……..
Types of Cardiovascular
Disease
• Hypertension-pressure at which the blood
flows (lots of pressure)
• Arteriosclerosis-hardening of the arteries
• Angina Pectoris-pain in the chest due to
lack of O2
• Heart attack-due to the blockage in the
arteries leading to the heart
• Congestive heart failure-a slow gradual
weakening of the heart (genetics, drug
abuse, eating disorders)
Stroke
Warning Signs of a Stroke
• Sudden weakness or numbness of the face,
arm, and leg on one side of the body
• Loss of speech, or trouble in speaking or
understanding people
• Sudden dimness or loss of vision,
particularly in one eye
• Unexplained dizziness, unsteadiness, or
sudden falls
Quick Questions?
• What measures can you take to keep
your arteries free of plaque buildup?
Cancer
• Human life begins as a single cell that
divides millions of times. Cell division
occurs throughout life as old dead cells are
replaced by new ones. Sometimes the
normal forces regulating cell growth are
disrupted. Abnormal cells grow and spread
to healthy cell. These uncontrolled
abnormal cell growths are called cancers.
Tumors
• Tumors- masses of tissue
• Benign- noncancerous
• Malignant- cancerous
BIGGEST TUMOR EVER
REMOVED!
The largest tumor ever removed intact was a
multicystic mass of the right ovary weighing 137.6
kg (303 lb). The operation, which took over six
hours, was performed by Professor Katherine
O’Hanlan of Stanford University Medical Center,
California, USA. The growth had a diameter of 1 m
(3 ft) and was removed in its entirety in October
1991 from the abdomen of an unnamed 34-year-old
woman. The patient who weighed 95 kg (210 lb)
after the operation and has made a full recovery
left the operating theater on one stretcher and
the cyst left on another.
Skin Cancer-The “ABCD’S”
Lung Cancer
Oral Cancer
Colon Cancer
Reproductive Cancer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prostate Cancer
Bladder Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Uterine Cancer
Breast Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Treating Cancer
• Surgery
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
Diabetes
• A chronic disease that affects the
way the body converts food into
energy.
• Can lead to blindness, kidney disease,
nerve disease, amputations, heart
disease, and stroke.
What Causes Diabetes?
• Insulin, a hormone produced in the
pancreas, does not properly convert
glucose into energy.
The Breakdown
• Eat CARBOHYDRATES
• CARBOHYDRATES>GLUCOSE
• GLUCOSE>ENERGY
• In diabetics this process is hindered
when the pancreas does not produce
enough insulin to convert glucose into
energy for the body to use.
2 Types of Diabetes
• Type 1 or insulin dependent
• Type 2 or non-insulin dependent
Type 1
• The immune system destroys and
attacks insulin producing cells of the
pancreas
• The individual therefore needs to
inject themselves with insulin
• Their options
Type 2 Diabetes
• The bodies inability to make enough
insulin or properly use insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes
• 80% of Type 2 diabetics are
OVERWEIGHT
• Type 2 diabetes can usually be
controlled by eating patterns
• Type 2 diabetes can be CURED with
weight loss and a controlled diet
Arthritis
• Pain and swelling in joints and
connective tissue throughout the
body.
• “Inflammation of the Joints”
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• A destructive and disabling
inflammation of the joints (hands,
arms, hips, feet, and legs)
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand
Osteoarthritis
• Primarily affects the weight-bearing
joints of the knees and hips, causing
aches and soreness especially when
moving.
• Cartilage becomes pitted and frayed
and eventually may wear away
completely
Osteoarthritis of the Ankle
• There is currently no cure for
arthritis
• Early detection
• Proper care of your body at a young
age .
• Caring for injuries properly