Transcript Topic 6.6- Hormones, Homeostasis, and Reproduction

TOPIC 6.6- HORMONES,
HOMEOSTASIS, AND REPRODUCTION
Shefali Waghray, Josh Russell, Reina Budesa
Period 1
VOCABULARY
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Homeostasis
Hormone
Insulin
Thyroxin
Leptin
Melatonin
Glucagon
Blood Glucose
Diabetes
Testis
Scrotum
Epididymis
Vas deferens
• Prostate gland
• Penis
• Urethra
• Ovaries
• Fallopian tubes
• Uterus
• Endometrium
• Cervix
• Vagina
• In vitro fertilization (IVF)
• Hormone Therapy
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HOMEOSTASIS
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Homeostasis- the control process that maintains
the conditions within the body
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Initiated by the nervous system and endocrine system
The body stays within certain variables:
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Blood pH
CO2 concentration
Blood glucose concentration
Body Temperature- 37˚ C or 98.7˚F
Water Balance
Virtual Lab:
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/tdc02_int_bodyc
ontrol/
HORMONES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
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Thyroxin● Secreted in the thyroid gland
● Regulates temperature and increases the
metabolic rate
Leptin● Produced in the fat tissue of the body
● Increases appetite when fat reserves are low
Melatonin● Secreted by the pineal gland
● Regulates 24-hour cycle of activity (circadian
rhythm)
● Virtual Lab:
http://www.biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/
Physiogames/endocrineed.html
INSULIN
• Both hormones are produced by
pancreas
• Insulin● Produced by beta cells
● Secreted into the bloodstream
● Insulin opens protein channels in
the cell’s plasma membrane
● Channels allows glucose to diffuse
into cell
● If blood is high in glucose, it enters
the liver by the hepatic vein
● The excess glucose converts into
glycogen
● Lowers glucose concentration
Glucagon
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Produced and
secreted by alpha
cells in pancreas
Produced when
glucose
concentration is
below optimum
level
Glucagon
hydrolyzes
glycogen stored in
liver to produce
glucose
Increase glucose
concentration in the
bloodstream
Type I Diabetes
• Type I Diabetes
● Autoimmune disease Body attacks own beta
cells
● Beta Cells do not produce
sufficient insulin
● Controlled by the injection
of insulin at appropriate
times
● Develops mostly in
children and young adults
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
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Male gamete (sperm) +
female gamete (egg) =
zygote
Ensures genetic variation
in species
Female reproductive
system ensures a location
for fertilization
● Provides an
environment for the
growth of embryo
● Virtual Lab:
http://www.glencoe.com/s
ites/common_assets/scie
nce/virtual_labs/grade8/L
S26/LS26.html
Type II Diabetes
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Type II Diabetes
● Body cell receptors do not
respond properly to insulin
Effects of uncontrolled diabetes
● Kidney Failure
● Nerve Damage
● Increased risk of
cardiovascular disease
● Poor wound healing
● Possibly gangrene leading
to amputation
● Associated with:
• Genetic History
• Obesity
• Lack of Exercise
• Advanced age
Male Reproductive System
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Testis- produces semen
Epididymis- where sperm is
received
Scrotum- sacs that hold the
tests so sperm occurs at a
cooler temperature
Vas deferens-carries sperm
Seminal vesicles- produce
and add seminal fluid to
semen
Prostate gland- produces
seminal fluid
Penis- becomes erect to
facilitate ejaculation
Urethra- tube that leads
semen out of the penis
Female Reproductive System
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Ovaries- Produce and
secrete estrogen
Fallopian Tubes- carry the
early embryo to the uterus
Uterus- early embryo
implants here
Endometrium- inner lining of
the uterus
Cervix- lower portion of the
uterus
Vagina- tube that leads from
external genitals to the cervix
Puberty
Male
• Growth of facial,
underarm, chest and
pubic hair
• Enlargement of larynx
• Increased muscle
mass
• Enlargement of the
penis
Female
• Enlargement of
breasts
• Growth of pubic and
underarm hair
• Widening of hips
• Start the menstrual
cycle
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Hormone
Therapy
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IVF- reproductive technology where an egg is removed from
a woman and is then fertilised by a sperm in a tube. This
process produces an embryo which then divides.
Some couples are unable to bear children for seasons like:
● Males with low sperm counts
● Males with impotence (failure to achieve erection)
● Females who cannot ovulate normally
● Females with blocked Fallopian Tubes
Hormone therapy helps to maximize the number of ova that
a woman has