Transcript Non-Communicable Diseases

NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
December 1, 2008
Non-communicable
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Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a
vector, or the environment.
Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Diabetes, Asthma,
Allergies, Arthritis
Cardiovascular Disease
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Disease the affects the hear or blood vessels.
Approximately 61 million Americans have some form of
this disease.
Types of CVD –
Hypertension
 Arthrosclerosis
 Angina Pectoris
 Arrhythmias
 Heart Attack
 Congestive Heart Failure
 Stroke
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Risk Factors for CVD
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Tobacco Use
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Physical Inactivity
Excess Weight
Stress
Drug and Alcohol Use
Risk Factors – Cannot Be Controlled
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Heredity
Gender – Men are more likely to develop
cardiovascular disease as well as greater risk of
having a heart attack.
Age – 80% of people who die of cardiovascular
diseases are 65 or older.
Cancer
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Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has not
natural role in the body.
 Benign
– noncancerous
 Malignant – cancerous
 Metastasis
– spread of cancer from the point it originated to
other parts of the body.
Types of Cancer
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Lymphomas – cancers of the immune system
Leukemias – cancers of the blood-forming tissues
Carcinomas – cancers of the gland and body
linings, including the skin and the linings of the
digestive tract and lungs
Sarcomas – cancers of the connective tissues,
including bones, ligaments, and muscle
Risk Factors
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Tobacco Use – Lung, bladder, pancreas, and kidney
cancer; 1 in 5 deaths are attributed to smoking or
exposure to secondhand smoke
Sexually Transmitted Disease – cervical and liver
cancers.
Dietary Factors – Colon, Breast, and Prostate; 30%
of all cancers linked to poor food choices,
specifically ones high in fat and low in fiber.
Radiation – Skin Cancer; 80% of skin cancers are
preventable
CAUTION about Cancer
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Change in bowel habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or a lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
 Other
symptoms can include fatigue and unexplained
weight loss.
Reduce Your Risk
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Practice abstinence from sexual activity
Be physically active
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat nutritious foods – low in saturated fat and high
in fiber
Protect your skin from ultraviolet radiation
Avoid tobacco and alcohol
Recognize the warning signs of cancer
Treating Cancer
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Treatment depends on several factors such as: type of
cancer, location, and whether the tumor has spread.
Surgery
 Radiation Therapy – radioactive substances used to kill
cancer cells and shrinks the cancerous mass.
 Chemotherapy – chemicals to kill cancer cells.
 Immunotherapy – activates person’s immune system to
recognize specific cancers and destroy them.
 Hormone Therapy – medicines that interfere with production
of hormones; kill or slow the growth of cells.
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Allergies
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Specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign
and frequently harmless substance.
Pollen, foods, dust, mold, chemicals, insect venom,
and medicines – common allergens
Histamines – chemicals that can stimulate mucus and
fluid production.
Typical Symptoms – sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose
Severe Symptoms – hives, itching or swelling of a
stung area or the mouth, difficulty breathing, raspy
voice, swelling of the tongue, dizziness.
Asthma
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An inflammatory condition in which the small
airways in the lungs become narrowed.
 Affects
more than 17 million people in the U.S.
 5,000 Americans die of the disease
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Certain substances, called triggers, irritate the
bronchial tubes resulting in the tightening of the
walls and production of mucus.
Managing Asthma
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Monitor the Condition
Manage the Environment
Manage stress
Take medication
Diabetes
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Chronic disease that affects the way body cells
convert food into energy.
 Each
year, approximately 1 million new cases are
diagnosed.
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The pancreas produced too little or no insulin
A
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hormone that helps glucose enter the body’s cells.
If glucose is not converted into energy, it builds up
in the bloodstream, thus a blood test is needed to
diagnose diabetes.
Types of Diabetes
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Type 1 (Autoimmune Disease)
 Accounts
for 5-10% of all diabetics.
 Appears suddenly and progresses quickly; can damage
the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart.
 People can treat diabetes with daily doses of insulin
via injections or pump.
Types of Diabetes
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Type 2
 Accounts
for 90-95% of all cases; appears most often
after the age of 40.
 Body is unable to make enough insulin or use the insulin
properly.
 Treatment includes weight management and regular
physical activity.
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Gestational Diabetes – during pregnancy
Symptoms
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Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Unexplained weight
loss
Extreme hunger
Sudden vision changes
Tingling in hands or
feet
Frequent fatigue
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Very dry skin
Sore that are slow to
heal
More infections that
usual
Arthritis
Arthritis
epidemic may
result from the
number of
people
participating
in adventure
sports
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100 + diseases that cause pain and loss
of movement in joints.
8.4 million ages 18-44 have arthritis.
Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis
most common types
Osteoarthritis
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Disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down
resulting in the bones rubbing against each other.
Accounts for half of all arthritis cases affecting
about 20 million nationwide.
Most common in women and in people over the age
of 45.
Reduce the Risk of Osteoarthritis
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Controlling weight
Preventing sports injuries/allowing injuries to heal
completely before playing again
Protecting against Lyme Disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Characterized by the destruction of the joints due to
inflammation.
Affects 2.5 million people nationwide
Most common in women;
Symptoms usually appear between the ages of 20
and 50
Can affect young children (juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis)
Caused by an autoimmune disease – no cure!
Symptoms and Treatment
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Symptoms
Joint pain
Inflammation
Swelling
Stiffness
Joint deformity
Loss of normal function
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Medications
 Relieve
pain, reduce
inflammation and
swelling, and stiffness
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Exercise
Rest
Joint Protection
Physical and
Occupational therapy