Transcript Section 23.3

Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Other Chronic Diseases
Objectives
Distinguish between the two types of diabetes.
Describe how allergies and asthma affect
the body.
Identify the symptoms of arthritis.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Diabetes
• Diabetes (dy uh BEE teez) is a disease in which the body’s
ability to use glucose (blood sugar) is impaired.
• Diabetes involves insulin (IN suh lin), a hormone produced by
the pancreas that stimulates body cells to take up and use
blood sugar.
• If not controlled, diabetes can be life-threatening.
• People with diabetes are also at risk for
• heart disease
• stroke
• kidney disease
• blindness
• infections requiring amputation
• complications during pregnancy
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Type 1 Diabetes
• A person with type 1 diabetes produces little or
no insulin.
• Without insulin, glucose levels in the blood
remain high.
• Symptoms include
• thirst
• frequent urination
• nausea
• hunger
• fatigue
• weight loss
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Type 2 Diabetes
• People with type 2 diabetes produce sufficient insulin, but their
body cells do not respond normally to insulin.
• As with type 1 diabetes, the result is a high level of glucose in
the blood.
• Symptoms are the same as for type 1 diabetes, but also include
• drowsiness
• itching
• blurred vision
• numbness in the hands or feet
• frequent, hard to heal infections
• Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include a family history of
diabetes, being overweight, and a lack of physical activity.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Allergies and Asthma
• An allergy is a disorder in which the immune system
is overly sensitive to a particular substance not
normally found in the body.
• One type of allergic reaction can lead to a condition
called asthma.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Causes of Allergies
• Allergies develop when foreign substances enter the
body and set off a series of reactions.
• Any substance that causes an allergy is called
an allergen.
• The immune system’s overly sensitive response to
an allergen causes large quantities of a chemical
called histamine (HIS tuh meen) to be released.
• Histamine is responsible for the symptoms of an
allergy, such as sneezing and watery eyes.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
For: Updates on allergies
Click above to go online.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Asthma
• Asthma is a disorder in which a person’s respiratory
passages become inflamed and narrow significantly in
reaction to certain “triggers.”
• Asthma attacks can be triggered by many things,
including
• certain allergens
• tobacco smoke
• stress
• exercise
• cold weather
• During an attack, a person may wheeze, cough, or
become short of breath.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
An Asthma Attack
Bronchus
Lung
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Managing Asthma
• Managing asthma involves avoiding the triggers that
bring on asthma attacks.
• It may also involve the use of medicines.
• One medicine, called a “controller,” is taken on a
daily basis to prevent asthma attacks from occurring.
• Another medicine, called a “rescue drug,” is taken
when someone has an asthma attack. Rescue drugs
relax the muscles in the airways, making it easier to
breathe.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Arthritis
• Inflammation or irritation of a joint is known as
arthritis (ahr THRY tis).
• Arthritis is not life-threatening, but it can be
extremely painful and disabling.
• Arthritis results in joint stiffness, joint pain, or swelling
in one or more joints.
• There is no cure for most types of arthritis.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Osteoarthritis
• The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis
(ahs tee oh ahr THRY tis).
• This form of arthritis is caused by wear and tear on a
joint after years of use or by repeated injuries to
a joint.
• Osteoarthritis can occur in almost any joint, but most
commonly occurs in hips, knees, spine, and fingers.
• Treatment for osteoarthritis may involve drugs, heat
and cold treatments, and exercise.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• In rheumatoid arthritis (ROO muh toyd), the
membrane surrounding a joint becomes inflamed.
• The inflammation then spreads to other areas of
the joint.
• Any joint in the body may be affected by rheumatoid
arthritis, although joints in the wrist and knuckles are
most commonly affected.
• Treatment includes aspirin or other anti-inflammatory
drugs, exercise, and rest.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Vocabulary
diabetes
A disease in which the body’s ability to use
glucose (blood sugar) is impaired.
insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that
stimulates body cells to take up and use
blood sugar.
allergy
A disorder in which the immune system is overly
sensitive to a particular substance not normally
found in the body.
allergen
Any substance that causes an allergy.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
Vocabulary
histamine
arthritis
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid
arthritis
The chemical responsible for the symptoms of
an allergy.
Inflammation or irritation of a joint.
A common form of arthritis that is caused by
wear and tear on a joint or by repeated injuries
to a joint.
A form of arthritis in which the membrane
surrounding a joint becomes inflamed; the
inflammation then spreads to other areas of
the joint.
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
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Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases
End of Section 23.3
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