Transcript Global Perspectives on Selected Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases

Chapter 9: Global Perspectives on Selected
Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases
Chapter 10: Global Perspectives on Diabetes
and Respiratory and Orthopedic Chronic
Diseases
Chapter 11: Overview of Cancer
The Global Burden on
Chronic (Non-communicable)
Diseases
•In 2003 there was an
estimated 56 million deaths
worldwide
•60% were caused by chronic
non-communicable illnesses
•Global Alliance for Chronic
Disease http://www.gacd.org/
Global Mortality Rates
Refer to Table 9-1 page pg 237-240
United Nations World Health Organization Member States
Grouped by Geographic Regions and Mortality Strata
(WHO, 2002)
What impacts Child
and Adult mortality?
Bolivia
Poverty
• Poverty impacts longevity and subjects people to disease in a
variety of ways:
• Drink unclean water
• Live in unsanitary conditions
• Breathe air polluted by industrial emissions
• Unclean fuels used for home heating and cooking
• Contributing factor to mental stress
• Family unit disintegration
• Substance abuse
• Excludes people for the educational process
Risk Factors
Age is a primary irreversible risk factor for
chronic disease development
The prevalence of these diseases inevitably
increases within any aging population
Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Factors
• Chronological Age
• Genetic Predisposition and Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia is an excess of fatty substances called
lipids, largely cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood.
• Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis
(Arteriosclerosis is a general term describing any
hardening and loss of elasticity)
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Alcohol and Tobacco Use
Two of the most common
chronic conditions affecting
adults and children in every
country:
•Diabetes
•Asthma
What lifestyles and
environmental and social risk
factors contribute to the
development or worsening of
these ?
DIABETES
•TYPES OF DIABETES: Type 1
Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and
Gestational Diabetes
•It affects nearly every system of the body
•Is a disorder of the metabolism of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Age of Onset and Prevalence of
Type 2 Diabetes
A younger population has more
recently been identified with type
2 diabetes and is increasing
•Overweight Children
•Physical Inactivity
What are some prevention
activities for children?
ASTHMA
“When you cannot breathe – nothing else
matters”
Asthma is a chronic episodic inflammatory
disease of the airways that causes recurrent
episodes of:
Wheezing
Breathlessness
Chest tightness
Coughing
ASTHMA
•Diagnosis
•Frequency and complexity of
symptoms determines the degree
of severity of asthma
•Mucus plug formation
•Acute bronchoconstriction
•Airway edema
•Asthma Treatment
•Triggers (environmental,
exercise, cold….)
•Pharmacologic Treatments
for Asthma
•Cost of Asthma Treatment
•Musculoskeletal Disorders
•Musculoskeletal diseases
are the major cause of
morbidity throughout the
world
•Longer life expectancy
•Very common worldwide and
include more than 150 different
diseases and syndromes
Musculoskeletal
Disorders
The main types are:
1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Osteoarthritis
3. Osteoporosis
4. Spinal disorders
5. Major limb trauma
6. Gout
7. Fibromyalgia
In class assignment
Research these Musculoskeletal Disorders
and share with the rest of the class the definition and
impact of morbidity
Key Cancer and Public
Health Concepts and
Definitions
Cancer: Over 100 different diseases
are covered by the term “cancer”
•Each has a unique profile in
terms of the population at risk,
symptoms and prognosis
Comprehensive Cancer
Control Approach
• Increasing number of countries developing
comprehensive cancer control programs
• Increasing interest among international and
national leaders and organizations in
advocating for comprehensive policies
• Increasing access to cancer control
knowledge and best practice, which provides
a good basis for advocacy
Cancer Burden refers to the size of a
health problem in a specified area
1. What is the global cancer burden?
Pg 301 & 308
2. What are the risk of getting cancer?
Pg 302
3. What are the incidence of major cancers
worldwide? Pg 303
4. What are some global cancer prevention
interventions? Pg 309-311
5. What are examples of screenings for
cancer? Pg 315-321
6. Explain the expanding role of Cancer
Registries. Pg 305-307
Cancer Care Considerations
•Goal is cure, prolongation
of useful life, or improvement
of quality of life
•Cancer Treatment: Surgery,
radiation, chemotherapy
•Compilations of Cancer
Information
•National Comprehensive Cancer Network &
Database
http://www.health.gov/nhic/nhicscripts/Entry.cfm?
HRCode=HR2859