Transcript STD`s Sexually Transmitted Diseases

STD’s
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Ramsey High School
Senior Health
Why should you know about
STDs?
• Two-thirds of all STDs occur in people 25
years of age and younger
• One in four new STD infections occur in
teenagers
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
Caused by HIV
Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
• Attacks the body’s immune system
– The body’s natural line of defense
against disease.
– Do not die from AIDS, but rather forms
of pneumonia, Karposi’s sarcoma, brain
infections, herpes, TB.
Transmission
• Sexual contact
– Vaginal, anal, oral
• Body fluids
– Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
• Sharing needles
– Drugs, steroids, ear piercing, or tattooing
• HIV may also be transmitted from mother
to fetus during pregnancy—usually during
childbirth, or through breast feeding.
Symptoms
HIV
• Initially may be asymptomatic (for years)
• Includes flu-like symptoms
AIDS
• Fever, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea,
opportunistic infections such as cancer
Treatment
• NO CURE!!!
• Various drugs may however delay the
progress of HIV to AIDS
– Decreases amount of HIV in the blood
– Drugs can also help cut transmission
from mother to fetus
Chlamydia
Caused by a bacteria
2.8 million cases annually
Most common STD
Especially high among teenagers and
college students
Transmission
• Vaginal, oral, and anal sex
• Oral-genitals to the mouth-throat infection
• Can also spread to the eyes of newborns
Symptoms
Similar but milder than gonorrhea
Women
• Frequent urination (painful), lower
abdominal pain and inflammation, and
vaginal discharge, irregular menstrual
cycles—75% are asymptomatic
Men
• Thin, whitish discharge-frequent and
painful urination, soreness in the
scrotum—50% are asymptomatic
Treatment
(easiest STD to cure)
• Antibiotics
• Most men and women are asymptomatic
– If left untreated:
• Women-PID and scarring in the fallopian
tubes
• Men-long term effects are undetermined
Genital Herpes
Herpes Simplex Virus type 2
About 500,000 new cases annually
Transmission
• Vaginal, oral, anal sex
• Can also be transmitted:
-to the genitals and eyes by the hands
-to newborns during childbirth
Symptoms
•
•
•
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Painful blisters or sores on the genitals
Swollen glands, fever, headaches, fatigue
Appear about 6-8 days after contracted
Although a person is least contagious
during the dormant phase, the virus can
still be spread through sexual contact
Genital Herpes
Treatment
• Absolutely no cure!!
• Medications can control and help prevent
outbreaks—recurrences
• Outbreaks usually triggered by infections,
stress, fatigue, depression, exposure to
sun, hormonal changes
Gonorrhea
Caused by bacteria
aka “the clap” or “the drip”
Nearly a million cases reported
each year
Transmission
• Vaginal, anal, oral sex
• From mother to newborn (especially the
eyes during childbirth
• Likes warm, moist environments like that
along mucous membranes along the
urinary tract
• Oral sex-develops into throat infection
• From penis to rectum if anal sex follows
intercourse
Symptoms
Men- (within 2-5 days) thick, yellowish
discharge, burning urination, chancre.
-symptoms disappear within a few weeks
-will continue to damage the body
Women- primary site is the cervix—yellow
discharge, painful urination.
-about 80% remain asymptomatic during
early stages but can still infect others
Gonorrhea
Treatment
• Antibiotics
• Clears up rapidly in more than 90% of
cases
• If left untreated:
– Causes fertility problems
– PID in women
Syphillis
Caused by bacteria
About 32,000 cases reported
annually
Transmission
•
•
•
•
Vaginal
Anal
Oral sex
Mother to newborn
Symptoms
(3 stages)
• Primary-painless chancre sores 2-4 weeks
after contact & lasts a few weeks
• Secondary- few weeks to few months later
painless skin rash, raised bumps that ooze
discharge. Symptoms also disappear.
Latent Stage
• Can lie dormant for 1-40 yrs-continuing to
multiply causing nervous system damage,
insanity, and eventually death.
Treatment
• Easy to cure in the early stages
• Antibiotics (penicillin)
– Single muscular shot (less than a year)
– Additional doses for longer than yr
• Prevents further damage-does not repair
Genital Warts
Caused by Human Papilloma Virus
Extremely widespread
Possibly infecting as many as 20%-30% of
sexually active people in the U.S.
CDC estimates 20 million currently infected
Transmission
• Vaginal, oral, and anal sex
• Skin to skin contact
• Contact with infected towels or clothing
Symptoms
• Appearance of painless warts—looks like
cauliflower
• May also occur around the anus, in the
rectum, in the mouth, on the lips, eyelids,
nipples
• No permanent damage except increase
risk of genital cancers—especially cervical
Genital Warts
Treatment
• Removed by a doctor
– Freezing
– Burning
– Surgery
*Warts can reappear
Pubic Lice
Caused by parasites that live on
the pubic hair
About 1/8 inch in diameter
Transmission
• Vaginal, oral, and anal sex
• Skin to skin contact
• CDC reports that infestations rarely spread
through contact with infested be linens,
towels, or clothes.
• Also cannot spread through toilet seats
Symptoms
• Can see them
• Itching in pubic area
• Red spots in underwear (waste from crabs)
Pubic Lice
Pubic Lice
Treatment
• Shampoo or lotion
– Applied directly to the pubic hair
• After treatment make sure to wash bed
sheets, towels, clothes
– Crabs may live for a couple of days and reinfect a person
Scabies Lice
Caused by a parasite
Too tiny to be seen by the naked eye
Transmission
• Sexual contact
• Contact with infested clothing, bed linen,
towels
• Mites attach themselves to the base of the
pubic hair and burrow into the skin, where
they lay eggs
• (contact must be prolonged)
Symptoms
• Itching and discomfort
• Reddish lines caused from burrowing
• Sores, welts, or blisters on the skin
Scabies Lice
Treatment
• Prescription and non-prescription
medications
Vaginitis
Bacteria
Caused by different germs
including yeast and trichomoniasis
Transmission
• Vaginal, oral, and anal sex
• Yeast infections can also be caused by
stress and the birth control pill
• Can be passed back and forth between
partners
Symptoms
Women- thin, foul smelling vaginal
discharge, itching, irritation, painful
urination
Men-inflammation of the urethra, painful
urination
Treatment
• Oral medication
• Creams, suppositories
Hepatitis B
Caused by
the Hepatitis B Virus
Transmission
• Vaginal, oral, and anal sex
• Mother to newborn
• Exposure to contaminated blood
– Sharing needles
– Tattoos
– Piercings
Symptoms
• Vary a great deal—sometimes
asymptomatic
• Loss of appetite, fever, fatigue, pain in
liver, rapid weight loss, swollen glands
Treatment
• There is no cure—but most people recover
naturally and develop future immunity
• There is a proven Hepatitis vaccine
• Can permanently damage the liver
Prevention of STD’s
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Abstinence
Communication
Use condoms
Get tested often
– Less than half of adults ages 18 to 44 have
ever been tested for an STD other than
HIV/AIDS
• Limit number of sexual partners
The End!