Transcript Serology Notes

Serology Notes
Blood facts
• Volume
– Average adult has 10-12 pints
• Blood donations:
– 1 pint taken
– In 24 hours fluid part replaced
– Cells replaced within a couple of weeks (end of a month
same amount of blood)
Blood facts (cont)
Composition:
•
45% cells, red blood cells, white blood
cells & platelets
•
Rest is plasma
– Mainly water (90%) with proteins (7%) and
fats, sugars, and mineral salts dissolved
– Proteins include blood clotting factors &
antibodies
Blood facts (cont)
• Red blood cells
– Made in marrow cavities
– Contain hemoglobin (transfers oxygen)
– No nucleus (no DNA)
• White blood cells
– Made in marrow and certain tissues (spleen, lymph
nodes & lining of intestines)
– 1 WBC to 100 RBC
– Immune system
– Contains DNA
Blood facts (cont)
• Platelets
– Formed in marrow
– ½ trillion platelets in normal bloodstream
– Last about 10 days and then removed by liver,
spleen & lymph nodes
– Help control bleeding by sticking to injured
surfaces and providing surface for clotting
factors to accumulate
Terms to know
• Antibodies (agglutinins)
– Produced by immune system
– Bind antigens together
• Antigen (agglutinogens)
– Substance present on red blood cell
membrane
• Agglutination
– Clumping of particles
4 General Blood Types
• A, B, AB, O
• Types inherited from parents
– A, B alleles are co-dominant (IA, IB)
– O allele is recessive (i )
• Rh + and –
– Rh+ is dominant trait
– Problems for women having children
• If mother – and baby +, mother produces anti-Rh
antibodies to destroy Rh+ type. Hazard if not
treated for subsequent children
Differences between blood
types
How to tell blood types
Reaction
Anti-A Serum
Anti-B Serum
Blood type
Agglutination
None
A
None
Agglutination
B
Agglutination
Agglutination
AB
None
None
O
O+ and O- Blood types
http://faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/blood_typing_photos.htm
A+ Blood type
http://faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/blood_typing_photos.htm
B+ Blood type
http://faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/blood_typing_photos.htm
AB+ Blood type
http://faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/blood_typing_photos.htm
Blood type donations
Blood type
Can give to
A
A & AB
Can receive
from
A&O
B
B & AB
B&O
AB
AB
A, B, AB, & O
O
A, B, AB, & O
O
Blood Type Percentages
•
•
•
•
O+
OA+
A-
38%
7%
34%
6%
•
•
•
•
B+
BAB+
AB-
9%
2%
3%
1%
Source:
http://www.enh.org/aboutus/visitingus/evanston/blood/default.aspx?id=3452
• Blood typing game