Transcript Chemistry for Biology

DNA Structure &
Function
Perspective
They knew where
genes were (Morgan)
They knew what
chromosomes were
made of

Proteins & nucleic acids
They didn’t know
which one was the
gene

Better case for proteins
The DNA Structure
Watson and Crick

Used model
exploration
Rosalind Franklin

X-ray crystallography
Chargaff’s rule

A-T; G-C
DNA Replication
Life reproduces
itself
Genes (DNA) are
inherited
How does the
structure of DNA
make it easy to
replicate itself for
cell division?
DNA Replication
Cloning
Genes: How they work
Review the flow of
information from
DNA  RNA 
protein
All our traits that are
expressed (physical,
biological, and
chemical) is
produced by
proteins
Genes:
How
they
work
The Genetic Dictionary
Transcription
RNA
Processing
Translation
How does the codon
on mRNA get
translated into an
amino acid?
Adapter molecule?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Translation
Translation
Mutations
Knowing the genetic code help us
understand inherited disorders
A single genetic mutation
Mutations
Any change in the
nucleotide sequence
of DNA
Note: the DNA
sequence is not
shown here but the
RNA and amino acid
sequence is
represented
Mutations
Base-substitutions
can sometimes lead
to a beneficial
change
It’s these beneficial
changes that can
lead to better
adaptations and
evolution of new
species
Mutations
Mutations are the
only source of new
genetic material
The diversity of life
around us is due in
large part to random
mutations of the
DNA nucleotide
sequence