Transcript genetics - Lemon Bay High School

HISTORY of GENETICS
Honors Genetics 2012
Lemon Bay High School
Ms. Susan Chabot
THE BEGINNING…
1860s: Gregor Mendel - an Austrian monk
grew peas in the monastery gardens.
He noticed patterns among the generations of
plants when they were cross-pollinated by
hand and then allowed to fertilize naturally.
GENETICS-what we know today
Every type of cell from every
kingdom
contains DNA
Sometimes the
DNA is located in
the NUCLEUS of
the cell as in
Sometimes the DNA is
EUKARYOTES NOT located in the
NUCLEUS of the cell
as in PROKARYOTES
Whether the organism is a EUKARYOTE or
PROKARYOTE,
the DNA instructs the cell to make proteins.
The proteins are made into tissues , pigments,
hormones, enzymes, and many other
components the cells need for survival.
Pedigree Charts
family diagrams that help us track
traits and make predictions about future
generations.
Mutations
changes in the original instructions of a gene
Mutagens
 cause mutations
 Pesticides
 Air pollution
 Chemicals
 Smoking
 Radiation
 Sun
 X-ray exposure
 Fallout
Genetic Engineering
•Recombinant DNA:
•Cutting the DNA from one organism and
joining it with the DNA from another
•Human gene for insulin into bacteria:
bacteria multiply and make insulin for
diabetics
Insulin gene
Genetic Engineering
CLONING:
Dolly the sheep: insert the
nucleus from the body cell of
an adult sheep into the egg cell
of another similar animal and
allow to gestate.
Genetic Engineering
•Fertility:
•inserting sperm nucleus into eggs to
fertilize them for an infertile couple, then
allow to gestate.
Genetic Engineering
Foods
• Insertion of pesticide genes into foods so
that they will make proteins that will
develop innate resistance to weeds and
insects.