Digestion PPT
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Transcript Digestion PPT
Animal Digestion
What are Nutrients?
parts of food which provide for growth,
maintenance, body functions
Carbohydrates (CHO)
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
What is a Ruminant?
Animals with more than one stomach
Chew their cud (re-chew food)
Cows, sheep, goats
Cows have four stomachs
Alf has eight stomachs
Why don’t cattle need as much B
vitamins?
Microorganisms in the stomach of the cow
make their own B vitamins
Can also make some proteins if given the
right kind of Nitrogen
NonRuminants
Foragers: Horse, rabbit
NonForagers: pig, poultry
How much to feed?
Depends on function of animal
Pregnant, Lactating, Working, Growing
How often to feed
Depends on stomach size & rate of
metabolism
Stomach size is relavant to amount of
feed fed
Mink = 4-6 times/day, Cows = 1-2 /day
What foods give energy?
Carbohydrates (starch & cellulose) & Fats
Fat = 2 1/2 times energy of CHO
Energy is major part of a feed ration
Up to 90% of a ration for a steer
Measured in Kilocalories or TDN (Total
Digestible Nutrients)
What are Proteins?
Used to build muscle, body tissue
Made of amino acids
Ruminants can make some proteins
Simple Stomachs need specific amino acids
What are Minerals?
Natural elements which regulate certain
body functions
Na, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, Zn, Mo, Se,
I, Co
Most are trace minerals
What are vitamins?
Compounds responsible for certain
functions
Fat Soluable = A, D, E, K
Water Soluable = B, C
What are additives?
Antibiotics: disease prevention
Coccidiostats: control parasites
Xanthophyll: makes egg yolks yellow
Hormones: increase growth
Tranquilizers: calm nerves (cattle, turkeys)
Antioxidants: prevent feed from getting rancid
Pellet Binders: keep in pellet form
Flavoring Agents: make taste better
Livestock Feeding
Roughage = high fiber, low energy
Concentrate = low fiber, high energy
How is a ration balanced?
Pearson square: balance a ration using any
two ingredients for one nutrient
How much Soybean Meal (44% Protein)
should be mixed with Barley (13% Protein)
to get a mixture that is 16% protein?
Pearson Square
Soybean
Meal 44%
SBM = 3 parts
16%
Barley 13%
Barley = 28 parts
Total Parts = 31
Pearson Square
Soybean Meal = 3 parts
Barley = 28 parts
Total Parts = 31
Soybean Meal = 3/31 or 10%
Barley = 28/31 or 90%
If mixing a ton (2000#) SBM = 200#,
Barley = 1800#