Transcript Animal Nutrition Powerpoint

Animal Nutrition
Groups of Nutrients
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Carbohydrates
Fats and Oils
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Carbohydrates
Made up of sugar, starches, cellulose and
gums.
 Provide energy and heat
 Make up the largest quantity of livestock
feed
 Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.

Example of a Carbohydrate
Corn
 Most widely
grown/used and best
energy feed
 High in starch
 Very palatable
 The primary grain fed
to all swine and poultry
Fats and Oils
2.25 times the energy value of
carbohydrates
 At body temperature fats are solids and
oils are liquid
 Extra carbohydrates are stored as fats
 Carry fat-soluble vitamins

Example of a Fat/Oil
Vegetable Oil
 The most potent
energy source
 Increases caloric value
 Increases palatability
when added to feed
 Controls dust
Proteins
Organic compounds made up of
amino acids
Always Contain
– Carbon
– Hydrogen
– Oxygen
– Nitrogen
Sometimes Contain
– Sulfur
– Phosphorus
– Iron
Proteins
Major component of muscles, tissues and
hair
 Continuously needed to replace dying
body cells
 Young animals need large amounts for
growth

Example of a Plant Protein
Soybean Meal
 Has the highest nutritional
value of any plant protein
source
 The most widely used
protein source in the U.S.
 Very palatable
 Can be used for all
species
Example of an Animal Protein
Meat and Bone Meal
 Produced from the dryrendered product from
mammal tissues
 High in calcium and
phosphorus
 Widely used as a
protein source in poultry
and swine
Vitamins
Trace organic compounds containing
carbon
– Needed in small quantities
 Helps regulate body functions
 Designated by letters
– A,B,C,D,E,K
 Sources:
– Naturally found in feed
– Feed additives made from animal byproducts
– Made by the body itself

Example of a Vitamin
Vitamin A
 Required by all animals
 Frequently met by
common feedstuffs high
in carotene
 Carotene converted to
vitamin A by the body
 Vitamin A can be a
synthetic form
Minerals
Inorganic materials/compounds containing
no carbon
 Needed in small amounts
– Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.
 Regulates body functions
 Provide growth for:
– Bone
– Teeth
– Tissue

Example of a Mineral
Trace Mineral Salt
 contains salt and one
or more trace minerals
(cobalt, copper, Iodine,
iron, manganese,
selenium and zinc)
 commonly fed ad
libitum (free fed)
Water
Makes up 40% to
60% of the animals
body
 Dissolves other
nutrients and helps
carry them to parts of
the body
 Most important
nutrient

Sources of Nutrients

Carbohydrates come from cereal grains
 corn
 wheat
 oats
 rye
 barley
 sorghum
Sources of Nutrients

Proteins
– Plant sources
–Soybean meal
–Cottonseed meal
–Alfalfa meal
– Animal sources
–Meat meal
–Fishmeal
–Dried milk
–Synthetic nitrogen source called
urea
Sources of Nutrients
Fats and Oils
– Grains and protein concentrates
 Vitamins and Minerals
– Most feed ingredients
– Supplements
 Pre-mixes
 Mineral blocks

Sources of Nutrients

Other sources and exceptions:
– Alfalfa (roughage) can be used to
provide energy and fiber
– Molasses
 Improves taste (palatability)
 Reduces feed dust
Nutritional Value

Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)
Concentrates are high in TDN
Roughages are low in TDN