Transcript Nutrition Lecture #1

NUTRITION
15.1
I. NUTRIENTS
A. Nutrients- Substances in
food that provide energy and
materials for your body’s cells.
B. Calorie- The amount of
energy in food in the form of
heat.
1. 1 cal required to raise 1 ml
of water 1 degree Celsius.
II. 6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
E. Minerals
F. Water
III. Proteins
A. Function: Replacement & repair
of body cells
B. Subunits: Amino Acids
1. Humans need 20 different
amino acids
2. 12 amino acids are made in the
body, 8 must be consumed
C. Found in meat, fish, eggs,
nuts
IV. CARBOHYDRATES
A. Function: Main source of
energy for the body.
B. 3 Types of Carbs
1. Simple carbs./sugars found
in fruits
2. Complex carbs./starches
found in pasta and potatoes
IV. CARBOHYDRATES
3. Cellulose found in cell walls
of plant cells (lettuce, beans,
peas, cereals, etc)
a. AKA “fiber”
b. Humans cannot digest
cellulose
c. Helps you poop! 
V. FATS
A. Function: Make up cell
membranes, provide energy,
absorb vitamins, provide
insulation.
B. Subunits: Fatty Acids &
Glycerol
C. Found in oils, meats, etc
V. FATS
D. Too much fat can lead to
heart disease and strokes due
to high cholesterol
E. 9 cal in each gram of fat
4 cal in each gram of carb.
VI. VITAMINS
A. Purpose: Growth,
metabolism, prevent some
diseases
B. Needed in small amounts
C. Found in fruits, veggies, dairy
products, grains, nuts
VI. VITAMINS
Water Soluble
C: Growth,
immune system
B: Nerves, blood
cells, metabolism
Fat Soluble
A: Growth,
Eyes, Skin
D: Bones, Teeth
K: Wound recover
Blood clotting
E: Cell membranes
VII. MINERALS
A. Function: Chemical reactions
in your body (muscle
movement, digestion, etc)
B. Found in dairy products,
meats, eggs and vegetables
VII. MINERALS
Mineral
Calcium
Health Effect
.
Strong bones & teeth,
Muscle contraction,
Blood clotting,
Nerve
Activity
Phosphorus Strong bones &
teeth,
Muscle contraction,
Stores energy
VII. MINERALS
Mineral
Health Effect
Potassium Water balance in cells,
Nerve impulses,
Muscle contraction
Sodium
Nerve impulses,
Water balance in
cells
.
VII. MINERALS
Mineral
Health Effect
Iron
Oxygen transport in
bloodstream
Iodine
Thyroid (growth)
activity, Metabolism
.
VIII. WATER
A. WATER IS CRUCIAL!!!
1. You can live weeks without
food, but only days without
water
2. Water is in your blood,
cells, tissues—everywhere!
3. Water makes up 60%
of your body weight!
VIII. WATER
B. Water is constantly lost
through sweat, exhaling, etc.
C. Water homeostasis (internal
balance) is maintained because
you get thirsty which causes
you to drink more water.
I. NUTRIENTS
Daily Diet Tracker
RECAP
1. What is a nutrient?
2. What is a calorie?
3. What are the 6 Vital
Nutrients and their
function?