Transcript 1 - Jefferson-scranton High School

1
• What part of the
ration supplies the
carbohydrates and
fats needed by
poultry?
1
Grains will supply
50-80% of the energy.
Animal and vegetable fats
and oils
2
• List some
common grains
used to feed
poultry.
2
Oats
Wheat
Grain
Corn
3
Why are fats
sometimes added
to poultry rations?
3
Fats increase the
energy level in poultry
rations if they are low
in energy rations.
4
• List the amino acids
most commonly
lacking in poultry
rations
4
• Arginine
• Lycine
• Methionine
• Trythophine
5
•
List three common
sources of protein
in poultry rations.
5
SBM
Fish meal
Meat scraps
6
How important is
water in the
chicken ration?
6
55-78% of egg
and body weight is
water
7
List the minerals
commonly
required in a
chicken ration.
7
Calcium
phosphorus
Magnesium
Iodine
Manganese
Chlorine
Zinc
8
What level of calcium
should be fed in a
chicken ration?
8
3.4% of
ration
9
List the vitamins
commonly required
in a chicken ration?
9
A-D-E-K
Riboflavin
Niacin
Coline
10
• How can the poultry
producer be sure the
ration contains enough
vitamins?
10
Using a
vitamin
premix
11
Briefly explain the
use of additives
in chicken
rations
.
11
Stimulates
growth
12
What are unidentified
factors in the chicken ration
and what are their effects?
12
Increase reproduction
Stimulate growth
Improve feed efficiency
13
Why is grit used in
the chicken ration?
13
Helps the gizzard
grind up the
feed
14
List three forms in
which commercially
manufactured chicken
feeds must be
purchased?
14
Mash
Pellets
Crumbles
15
List four systems that may be
used for preparing chicken
rations.
15
Complete commercial feed
Commercial vitamin and mineral
premix
Protein concentrate
Individual ingredients
16
• Briefly explain the
use of phase
feeding for
chickens
16
Use to meet changing
requirements for
chicken
17
List the good management
practices to follow when
feeding chickens.
17
Should feed only
fresh feed
Should supply fresh
water daily
18
Why should the poultry
producer keep a close watch
on the feed consumption on
the flock?
18
to minimize waste
of feed
To watch for illness
19
Describe the feed
that should be
used to start
chicks.
19
18% p-started
mash
20
How much feeder and
water space is
needed for chickens
up to six of age?
20
for every 25
inches of water
you will have
100 birds
21
Describe the feed that
should be used for
chickens from six to
12 weeks of age.
21
A growing
ration for feed
22
How much feeder and
waterer space is needed
for chickens seven to 20
weeks of age?
22
• For every 250 linear inches you should
have 50 inches of water for every 100
birds.
23
• How much feed per day and per year is
needed for light and heavy breeds of
laying hens?
23
20 to 24 inches of feeder space for each 100
linear feet.
24
How much feeder and waterer space
is needed for light and heavy breeds
of laying hens?
25
Why should the producer avoid sudden
changes in the ration for laying
hens?
25
Causes stress for the
aging hens
26
Name and describe three
systems of feeding that can
be used for laying hens.
26
Starter ration
Add grits as they age
27
How is feed efficiency
determined for laying
hens?
27
Amount of feed fed
divided by number
of dozen of eggs
28
Describe the kind of starter
ration that should be used
for broilers.
28
18% P
3% fat
29
How much feeder and
waterer space is needed
for broilers?
29
100”/100
25”/100
30
How is feed conversion
determined for broilers?
30
Amount of feed
to produce 1lb of
live weight
31
Describe the kind of
finishing ration that should
be used for broilers?
31
Special mess-14.5% P 4
to 5 with vitamin A, D, B12,
Riboflavin and pantotheanic
acid, niacin, manganese
32
What factors affect feed
conversion in boilers?
32
Genetic background
Type of feed
Temperature
Amount of feed wasted
Management of operation
Additives used in feed
33
Describe a good feeding
program for the breeding
flock.
33
14-15% protein
special mash with
vitamin pack.
34
Describe a good
feeding program for
turkeys.
34
Start ration 22%P
2 weeks
Self feed
End with 19%P
35
Describe a good feeding
program for ducks and
geese.
35
Commercial feed mess,
pellets and crumbles
Pasture for grass, timothy
blue crash white clover.
36
List the recommended practices for
brooding chicks.
36
Clean house
37
Describe the principles of
using artificial light when
raising laying pullets.
37
Increasing length
spreads up sexual and
maturity rate of egg
production
38
List the recommended
practices for managing the
laying flock.
38
Disinfect and clean
More in darkness less
excitement
Keep dry
39
Describe the kind of cage system
that can be used with the laying
flock.
39
Single row back to back
Multiple 2-5 per cage
Colonies stair step method
but more death
40
Briefly explain the use of
artificial light for the laying
flock.
40
Limit amount of daylight
2-5hrs before darkness
When natural
41
List the recommended
practices for egg handling.
F
41
Temperature 65 F
Humidity 75-80 %
42
How much space is
needed for raising
broilers?
42
1 square foot per bird.
43
Briefly explain the use of
artificial lights when raising
broilers.
43
18” above
floor
44
Describe good management
practices for the breeding
flock.
44
• Vaccination program
• 8-12 cockerals per 100 hens
• Gather eggs 3-4 times per day
45
List the kinds of records that
should be kept by a poultry
producer.
45
Weight
Disease
Injuries
Age
Feed amount
46
List the
recommended
practices for
brooding turkeys.
46
Clean before new batch
47
Describe the growing of turkeys on range.
47
Disease
Predators
Weather-more deaths-need
shelter
48
5 ½ sq ft. for Toms
3 ½ sq ft. for Hens
4 ½ sq ft. for mixed
48
• Describe confinement raising of turkeys.
49
• List the recommended practices for
managing the turkey breeding flock.
49
• Blood test for diseases
• Vaccinate needed shots
• 14 hours of light
50
• List the recommended practices for
brooding ducks and geese.
50
51
Describe the practices that should be
followed for rearing ducks and geese.
51
Fenced pasture 2” poultry mesh
Small fence in yard
Outside when weather is good – no
predators
52
1. Describe the kinds of housing for poultry.
52
Insulated wall and ceiling
Pull type construction.
53
List the general characteristics that are
common to all good poultry houses.
53
Easy to clean/
disinfect
Dry-clean
54
List the other kinds of equipment
commonly used in growing poultry.
54
Automatic feeders
Bulk feed storage
Portable feeder/ water for range
Heat lamps