Transcript FEEDING ANIMALS

FEEDING ANIMALS
AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY
Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office
July, 2002
REASONS WHY ANIMALS
NEED FEED
MAINTENANCE
GROWTH
REPRODUCTION
LACTATION
WORKING
OTHER PRODUCTS AND USES
WAYS ANIMALS USE NUTRIENTS TO
MAINTAIN THEMSELVES
Used to keep the body warm
Replace old cells
Run the internal organs
For body movement
SIX TYPES OF MATERIALS
THAT PROVIDE NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES: Major sources are
corn, oats, hay, soybean oil meal and grain
sorghum.
FATS: Meat scraps, tankage, cottonseed
and fish meal are examples.
PROTEIN: Tankage, soybean meal,
legume hay, blood meal, feather meal, fish
meal and skim milk.
TYPES OF MATERIALS
(CONT.)
MINERALS: Eighteen minerals are needed by
animals;six are macrominerals. Includes calcium,
salt, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and
sulfur.
VITAMINS: Vitamins A,D, and the B vitamins
are most important in animals.
WATER: Most important of all nutrients. A
market hog is 40% water; newborn calf is 70%
water.
TWO GENERAL CLASSES OF
FEEDSTUFFS
ROUGHAGES: Feedstuffs that are high in fiber
and low in energy.
Examples include hay, green pasture grasses and
legumes and silage.
CONCENTRATES: Feed that are low in fiber
and high in energy.
Examples are corn, oats, wheat, meat scraps,
blood meal, soybean meal and urea.
DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENT
A digestible nutrient is the part of a
feedstuff that can be digested, or broken
down.
Fiber in roughage is not easily digested.
Ruminants and horses are efficient users of
roughage.
TERMS
RATION: The total amount of feed an
animal gets in a 24 hour period.
BALANCED RATION: A ration that
provides all of the nutrients needed by the
animal in the right amount and proportion.
DIET: Type and amount of feed and water
an animal eats.
THREE TYPES OF
ROUGHAGE FOR ANIMALS
PASTURE- Land where grasses and other
plants grow for animals to graze.
HAY- Made of the leaves and stems of
plants that have been cut and dried for feed.
SILAGE- Made from cut green plants by
chopping them into small pieces and
placing the “chop” in a silo.
EXAMPLES OF GRAIN
CONCENTRATES
Grains are high in TDN but do not provide a
balanced ration.
Examples include corn, oats, wheat and
grain sorghum.
Corn is the most widely used grain.
SOURCES OF PROTEIN
SUPPLEMENTS
Protein supplements are high in TDN and high in
protein.
Three types:
Animal - meat scraps and tankage, blood meal,
fish meal, and skim milk.
Plant- soybean oil meal, cotton seed meal and
various grain by-products.
Synthetic- Urea, molasses, rice hulls, and citrus
pulp treated with ammonia.
FEED ADDITIVES
Placed in feed while it is being
manufactured to preserve it and enhance
growth of the animals.
Medications
Wormers
Marketing enhancement
Antioxidants
IMPLANTS AND INJECTIONS
Implants involve placing solid materials
under the skin.
Injections involve using hypodermic
needles and syringes to get a substance into
the body system of an animal.
Examples are BST to increase milk
production in dairy cows and fish may be
injected to encourage spawning.
SELECTING FEED FOR
ANIMALS
NUTRIENT CONTENT
PALATABILITY
FREE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
VARIETY
BULKINESS
COST
FEED STORAGE
THREE FORMS IN WHICH
ROUGHAGE IS FED
BALES
LOOSE CHOP
PELLETS AND WAFERS
WAYS CONCENTRATES ARE
MADE INTO FORMS OF FEED
CRACKING AND ROLLING
GRINDING
EXTRUDING
WAYS SUPPLEMENTS ARE
PREPARED
BLOCKS- Salt or mineral block
LIQUIDS- Molasses
MIXES- Salt, protein sources and other
materials