Transcript Step Up To: Psychology

Chapter 7:
States of Consciousness
1. Consciousness is:
• A) the ability to solve problems, reason,
and remember.
• B) the sudden and often novel realization
of the solution to a problem.
• C) the process of organizing and
interpreting sensory information.
• D) our awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
2. Unlike the unconscious processing
of information, conscious processing
occurs:
•
•
•
•
A) simultaneously.
B) sequentially.
C) relatively quickly.
D) like running on auto pilot.
3. During the 60’s, the school of
psychology that turned most
psychologists away from studying
the importance of consciousness
was:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis.
B) functionalism.
C) behaviorism.
D) Gestalt psychology.
4. Altered states of consciousness are
physiologically induced, like ___; and
psychologically induced, like ___.
•
•
•
•
A) hallucinations; meditation
B) dreaming; hallucinations
C) sensory deprivation; orgasm
D) orgasm; oxygen deprivation
5. An evolutionary explanation about
why we sleep would be to:
•
•
•
•
A) repair our brain.
B) promote growth.
C) keep us safe.
D) help us to remember.
6. Biological processes that
systematically vary over a period of
24 hours are called:
•
•
•
•
A) daily regimens.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) sleep-wake cycles.
D) lunar cycles.
7. A hormone manufactured by the
pineal gland that produces
sleepiness is:
•
•
•
•
A) serotonin.
B) melatonin.
C) L-triptophan.
D) dopamine.
8. The rhythmic bursts of brain
activity that occur during Stage 2
sleep are called:
•
•
•
•
A) alpha waves.
B) paradoxical sleep.
C) sleep spindles.
D) delta waves.
9. Sleep deprivation has been
shown to:
• A) increase attentiveness to highly
motivating tasks.
• B) reduce hypertension.
• C) enhance memory.
• D) diminish immunity to disease.
10. Which of the following is bad
advice for a person trying to
overcome insomnia?
• A) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before
bedtime.
• B) Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before
bedtime.
• C) Avoid taking short naps during the day.
• D) Awaken at the same time every
day even if you had a restless night.
11. People who are highly
susceptible to hypnosis:
•
•
•
•
A) have a weak will.
B) have a great imagination.
C) have to want to be hypnotized.
D) have a short attention span.
12. In one study, both hypnotized and
non-hypnotized subjects were told to
throw acid in a research assistant’s face.
In this experiment, hypnotized people:
• A) usually refused to do it.
• B) behaved in the same fashion as nonhypnotized individuals.
• C) were influenced to act against their
own will.
• D) experienced a heightened sense of
personal responsibility for their actions.
13. Police Chief Olson is considering
using a hypnotist to help an eye-witness
recall the events of a crime. The Chief
needs to know that:
• A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is
highly qualified.
• B) there is an increased risk of false
memories with hypnosis.
• C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.
• D) hypnosis can only help if used along
with a polygraph.
14. One plausible theory suggests
that hypnosis relieves pain by:
• A) distracting attention.
• B) blocking sensory input.
• C) eliciting a deep, REM-like
state.
• D) “fooling” the subject to
believe there is no pain.
15. When hypnosis influences
behavior after the hypnotic state, the
subject was given a:
•
•
•
•
A) posthypnotic amnesia.
B) hypnotic command.
C) command suggestion.
D) posthypnotic suggestion.
16. Two factors involved in
determining physical dependence are:
•
•
•
•
A) tolerance and withdrawal.
B) drug type and amount.
C) quantity and frequency.
D) psycho-activity and abuse.
17. The need to take larger and
larger doses of a drug in order to
experience its effects is an
indication of:
•
•
•
•
A) withdrawal.
B) dissociation.
C) resistance.
D) tolerance.
18. Repeated use of an opiate:
• A) decreases the brain’s reproduction
of endorphins.
• B) increases heart and breathing
rates.
• C) does not seem to be followed by
serious withdrawal symptoms.
• D) triggers auditory as well as
visual hallucinations.
19. The drug Ecstasy has the
dangerous side-effect of:
• A) causing dehydration, overheating,
increased blood pressure, death.
• B) increasing the risk of chronic
depression.
• C) impairing memory.
• D) all of the above.
20. When cocaine is snorted, free-based,
or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria.
As someone comes off this “high”, the end
result is a depressive crash caused by:
•
•
•
•
A) depletion of dopamine.
B) depletion of norepinephrine.
C) depletion of serotonin.
D) all of the above.
21. After ingesting a small dose of a drug,
Jen experienced vivid visual hallucinations
and felt as if she were separated from her
own body. She most likely experienced
the effects of:
•
•
•
•
A) cocaine.
B) LSD.
C) heroin.
D) marijuana.
22. Which of the following is an
amphetamine that acts as a mild
hallucinogen?
•
•
•
•
A) Marijuana
B) Nembutal
C) Ecstasy
D) LSD
23. According to Ernest Hilgard’s
theory of hypnosis:.
• A) becoming hypnotized depends on the
willingness of the subject.
• B) the subject’s consciousness is split.
• C) everyone can become hypnotized if
the hypnotist is trained.
• D) it is just another form of
concentration.
24: Near-death experiences are:
• A) typically recalled as very scary
and unpleasant.
• B) quite similar to drug-induced
hallucinogenic experiences.
• C) recalled by nearly all who have
been revived from cardiac arrest.
• D) scientific proof that we all
should “go to the light.”
25. The best indication that dreaming
serves a necessary biological function is
provided by the fact that:
• A) most dreams are psychologically
meaningless.
• B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to
narcolepsy.
• C) most mammals experience REM rebound.
• D) sexual tension is naturally
discharged during REM sleep.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Consciousness is:
• A) the ability to solve problems, reason,
and remember.
• B) the sudden and often novel realization
of the solution to a problem.
• C) the process of organizing and
interpreting sensory information.
• D) our awareness of ourselves and
our environment.
271
2. Unlike the unconscious processing
of information, conscious processing
occurs:
•
•
•
•
A) simultaneously.
B) sequentially.
C) relatively quickly.
D) like running on auto pilot.
272
3. During the 60’s, the school of
psychology that turned most
psychologists away from studying
the importance of consciousness
was:
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis.
B) functionalism.
C) behaviorism.
D) Gestalt psychology.
271
4. Altered states of consciousness are
physiologically induced, like ___; and
psychologically induced, like ___.
•
•
•
•
A) hallucinations; meditation
B) dreaming; hallucinations
C) sensory deprivation; orgasm
D) orgasm; oxygen deprivation
272
5. An evolutionary explanation about
why we sleep would be to:
•
•
•
•
A) repair our brain.
B) promote growth.
C) keep us safe.
D) help us to remember.
282
6. Biological processes that
systematically vary over a period of
24 hours are called:
•
•
•
•
A) daily regimens.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) sleep-wake cycles.
D) lunar cycles.
275
7. A hormone manufactured by the
pineal gland that produces
sleepiness is:
•
•
•
•
A) serotonin.
B) melatonin.
C) L-triptophan.
D) dopamine.
275
8. The rhythmic bursts of brain
activity that occur during Stage 2
sleep are called:
•
•
•
•
A) alpha waves.
B) paradoxical sleep.
C) sleep spindles.
D) delta waves.
277
9. Sleep deprivation has been
shown to:
• A) increase attentiveness to highly
motivating tasks.
• B) reduce hypertension.
• C) enhance memory.
• D) diminish immunity to disease.
281
10. Which of the following is bad
advice for a person trying to
overcome insomnia?
• A) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before
bedtime.
• B) Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before
bedtime.
• C) Avoid taking short naps during the day.
• D) Awaken at the same time every
day even if you had a restless night.
283
11. People who are highly
susceptible to hypnosis:
•
•
•
•
A) have a weak will.
B) have a great imagination.
C) have to want to be hypnotized.
D) have a short attention span.
291
12. In one study, both hypnotized and
non-hypnotized subjects were told to
throw acid in a research assistant’s face.
In this experiment, hypnotized people:
• A) usually refused to do it.
• B) behaved in the same fashion as
non-hypnotized individuals.
• C) were influenced to act against their
own will.
• D) experienced a heightened sense of
personal responsibility for their actions.
292
13. Police Chief Olson is considering
using a hypnotist to help an eye-witness
recall the events of a crime. The Chief
needs to know that:
• A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is
highly qualified.
• B) there is an increased risk of false
memories with hypnosis.
• C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.
• D) hypnosis can only help if used along
with a polygraph.
292
14. One plausible theory suggests
that hypnosis relieves pain by:
• A) distracting attention.
• B) blocking sensory input.
• C) eliciting a deep, REM-like
state.
• D) “fooling” the subject to
believe there is no pain.
293
15. When hypnosis influences
behavior after the hypnotic state, the
subject was given a:
•
•
•
•
A) posthypnotic amnesia.
B) hypnotic command.
C) command suggestion.
D) posthypnotic suggestion.
292
16. Two factors involved in
determining physical dependence are:
•
•
•
•
A) tolerance and withdrawal.
B) drug type and amount.
C) quantity and frequency.
D) psycho-activity and abuse.
297
17. The need to take larger and
larger doses of a drug in order to
experience its effects is an
indication of:
•
•
•
•
A) withdrawal.
B) dissociation.
C) resistance.
D) tolerance.
297
18. Repeated use of an opiate:
• A) decreases the brain’s reproduction
of endorphins.
• B) increases heart and breathing
rates.
• C) does not seem to be followed by
serious withdrawal symptoms.
• D) triggers auditory as well as
visual hallucinations.
300
19. The drug Ecstasy has the
dangerous side-effect of:
• A) causing dehydration, overheating,
increased blood pressure, death.
• B) increasing the risk of chronic
depression.
• C) impairing memory.
• D) all of the above.
302
20. When cocaine is snorted, free-based,
or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria.
As someone comes off this “high”, the end
result is a depressive crash caused by:
•
•
•
•
A) depletion of dopamine.
B) depletion of norepinephrine.
C) depletion of serotonin.
D) all of the above.
301
21. After ingesting a small dose of a drug,
Jen experienced vivid visual hallucinations
and felt as if she were separated from her
own body. She most likely experienced
the effects of:
•
•
•
•
A) cocaine.
B) LSD.
C) heroin.
D) marijuana.
302
22. Which of the following is an
amphetamine that acts as a mild
hallucinogen?
•
•
•
•
A) Marijuana
B) Nembutal
C) Ecstasy
D) LSD
302
23. According to Ernest Hilgard’s
theory of hypnosis:.
• A) becoming hypnotized depends on the
willingness of the subject.
• B) the subject’s consciousness is split.
• C) everyone can become hypnotized if
the hypnotist is trained.
• D) it is just another form of
concentration.
294
24: Near-death experiences are:
• A) typically recalled as very scary
and unpleasant.
• B) quite similar to drug-induced
hallucinogenic experiences.
• C) recalled by nearly all who have
been revived from cardiac arrest.
• D) scientific proof that we all
should “go to the light.”
309
25. The best indication that dreaming
serves a necessary biological function is
provided by the fact that:
• A) most dreams are psychologically
meaningless.
• B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to
narcolepsy.
• C) most mammals experience REM
rebound.
• D) sexual tension is naturally discharged
during REM sleep.
288