Transcript General_Psychology_files/Reveiw Exam 01 - K-Dub

1. Psychology is currently defined as:
• A) the scientific study of behavior.
• B) the scientific study of behavior and
mental processes.
• C) the scientific study of biological
and cognitive processes.
• D) the scientific study of motives and
conflicts.
5. Together, three different levels form
an integrated approach to
understanding psychological
processes. This approach is called:
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A) neuro-developmental.
B) biopsychosocial.
C) bio-mental-behavioral.
D) cognitive-behavioral.
6. Julie appeared not to be surprised when
the couple broke up. “I could have
predicted that,” she said. Julie is
demonstrating:
• A) ESP.
• B) hindsight bias.
• C) overestimation the extent to which
others share her opinion.
• D) correlation proves causation.
7. To have a scientific attitude, we
should not just believe something we
have been told, we should examine the
evidence, ask questions and come to our
own conclusions. This process is called:
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A) a hypothesis.
B) an experiment.
C) critical thinking.
D) logical reasoning.
8. A hypothesis is a(n):
• A) testable prediction that gives
direction to research.
• B) way to organize facts.
• C) process of linking facts to
deeper principles.
• D) set of principles that explains
newly discovered facts.
10. The following is an example of
an operational definition:
• A) stress is defined as how well a person
adjusts to his/her environment.
• B) personality is defined as how well that
person relates to others.
• C) empathy is defined as showing you can
understand the other person’s feelings.
• D) intelligence is defined as a score on
an intelligence test.
• E) all of the above.
11. When everybody has an equal
chance of being included in a
study, this process is called:
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A) unbiased reporting.
B) a survey.
C) a random sample.
D) reliability.
15. Consistently, we find low self-esteem
is often related with high levels of
depression. This means:
• A) low self-esteem causes depression.
• B) depression causes low self-esteem.
• C) low self-esteem and depression are
caused by a third factor.
• D) they are correlated but this does
not prove causation.
18. Neither the researcher nor the
subjects knew whether or not they
received the drug studied or a placebo.
This is an example of:
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A) expectancy effects.
B) placebo effects.
C) a double-blind study.
D) nothing. It would be ridiculous.
20. Dr. Schulte wants to investigate if
aggressive behavior in children is increased if
they view violent videos. In this instance, the
dependent variable is:
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A) violent videos.
B) aggressive behavior.
C) a placebo.
D) the control condition.
1. Branching fibers extending out from
the cell body to receive information from
other neurons are called:
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A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) axon terminals.
2. ___ wrap(s) many axons,
insulating them and speeding
their impulses.
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A) Sodium ions
B) Myelin
C) Glial cells
D) Potassium ions
3. The brief electrical impulse
transmitted along the axon is called
the:
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A) action potential.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) electrical cascade.
D) sodium pump.
4. After neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse, many are
reabsorbed through a process
called:
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A) synaptic transmission.
B) reuptake.
C) all-or-none.
D) reabsorption.
7. The ___ receives information
from all the senses except smell.
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A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) angular gyrus
8. The ____ is located at the back of the
brain and is responsible for muscle
coordination, posture and equilibrium.
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A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) pons
D) cerebellum
10. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
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A) somatosensory cortex.
B) occipital lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
11. An impaired use of language
due to a brain lesion is known as:
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A) tomography.
B) aphasia.
C) plasticity.
D) phrenology.
12. The ability of one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
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A) plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) neural net reformation.
13. After Sam’s stroke, he had
difficulty speaking, but could
understand what others were saying
to him. He likely had damage to:
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A) Wernicke’s Area.
B) Broca’s Area.
C) his Thalamus.
D) his parietal lobe.
14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie
was unable to make sense of other
people’s speech. It is likely that her
cortex was damaged in:
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A) the sensory area.
B) Broca’s area.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Wernicke’s area.
16. In order for you to experience the pain
of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first
relay messages from your ankle to your
central nervous system.
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A) the limbic system
B) interneurons
C) sensory neurons
D) the reticular formation
17. When you’re stressed and your
heart races, perspiration increases and
pupils dilate, the ___ is activated.
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A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic branch
C) sympathetic branch
D) spinal reflex
18. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it
was hot. The sequence of this reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor
neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
sensory neurons.
19. The ____ system is made up of
glands which secret ___ into the
bloodstream.
• A) peripheral nervous;
antagonists
• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters
• C) autonomic; action potentials
• D) endocrine; hormones
21. This device is often used to
diagnose seizure activity by recording
electrical activity of the brain:
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A) brain lesion.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.
22. A person with a “split brain” had
surgery to cut the:
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A) frontal lobe.
B) corpus callosum.
C) sensory from the motor strip.
D) cerebellum from the cerebral
cortex.
23. The person most likely to suggest that
the shape of a person’s skull indicates the
extent to which that individual is
argumentative and aggressive would be a:
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A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist.
24: Phineas Gage had extensive
damage to his ____ of the brain,
effecting his ____.
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A) frontal lobe; personality
B) right hemisphere; speech
C) left temporal lobe; reasoning
D) cerebellum; coordination
25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it
will either fear a mouse or become
extremely aggressive.
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A) hippocampus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) thalamus.
1. Consciousness is:
• A) the ability to solve problems, reason,
and remember.
• B) the sudden and often novel realization
of the solution to a problem.
• C) the process of organizing and
interpreting sensory information.
• D) our awareness of ourselves and our
environment.
4. Altered states of consciousness are
physiologically induced, like ___; and
psychologically induced, like ___.
• A) hallucinations; meditation
• B) dreaming; hallucinations
• C) sensory deprivation; oxygen
deprivation
• D) hallucinations; oxygen deprivation
5. An evolutionary explanation about
why we sleep would be to:
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A) repair our brain.
B) promote growth.
C) keep us safe.
D) help us to remember.
6. Biological processes that
systematically vary over a period of
24 hours are called:
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A) daily regimens.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) sleep-wake cycles.
D) lunar cycles.
7. A hormone manufactured by the
pineal gland that produces
sleepiness is:
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A) serotonin.
B) melatonin.
C) L-triptophan.
D) dopamine.
8. The brain enters a highamplitude, slow, regular wave form
called _____ during stage 2 sleep.
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A) alpha waves.
B) paradoxical sleep.
C) theta waves.
D) delta waves.
9. Sleep deprivation has been
shown to:
• A) increase attentiveness to highly
motivating tasks.
• B) reduce hypertension.
• C) enhance memory.
• D) diminish immunity to disease.
11. People who are highly
susceptible to hypnosis:
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A) have a weak will.
B) have a great imagination.
C) have to want to be hypnotized.
D) have a short attention span.
13. Police Chief Olson is considering
using a hypnotist to help an eye-witness
recall the events of a crime. The Chief
needs to know that:
• A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is
highly qualified.
• B) there is an increased risk of false
memories with hypnosis.
• C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.
• D) hypnosis can only help if used along
with a polygraph.
14. One plausible theory suggests
that hypnosis relieves pain by:
• A) distracting attention.
• B) blocking sensory input.
• C) eliciting a deep, REM-like
state.
• D) “fooling” the subject to
believe there is no pain.
15. When hypnosis influences
behavior after the hypnotic state, the
subject was given a:
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A) posthypnotic amnesia.
B) hypnotic command.
C) command suggestion.
D) posthypnotic suggestion.
16. Two factors involved in
determining physical dependence are:
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A) tolerance and withdrawal.
B) drug type and amount.
C) quantity and frequency.
D) psycho-activity and abuse.
17. The need to take larger and
larger doses of a drug in order to
experience its effects is an
indication of:
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A) withdrawal.
B) dissociation.
C) resistance.
D) tolerance.
18. Repeated use of an opiate:
• A) decreases the brain’s reproduction
of endorphins.
• B) increases heart and breathing
rates.
• C) does not seem to be followed by
serious withdrawal symptoms.
• D) triggers auditory as well as
visual hallucinations.
19. The drug Ecstasy has the
dangerous side-effect of:
• A) causing dehydration, overheating,
increased blood pressure, death.
• B) increasing the risk of chronic
depression.
• C) impairing memory.
• D) all of the above.
20. When cocaine is snorted, free-based,
or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria.
As someone comes off this “high”, the
end result is a depressive crash caused
by:
• A) depletion of dopamine.
• B) depletion of norepinephrine.
• C) depletion of serotonin.
• D) all of the above.
21. After ingesting a small dose of a drug,
Jen experienced vivid visual hallucinations
and felt as if she were separated from her
own body. She most likely experienced
the effects of:
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A) cocaine.
B) LSD.
C) heroin.
D) marijuana.
22. Which of the following is an
amphetamine that acts as a mild
hallucinogen?
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A) Marijuana
B) Nembutal
C) Ecstasy
D) LSD
23. According to Ernest Hilgard’s
theory of hypnosis:.
• A) becoming hypnotized depends on the
willingness of the subject.
• B) the subject’s consciousness is split.
• C) everyone can become hypnotized if
the hypnotist is trained.
• D) it is just another form of
concentration.
25. The best indication that dreaming
serves a necessary biological function is
provided by the fact that:
• A) most dreams are psychologically
meaningless.
• B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to
narcolepsy.
• C) most mammals experience REM rebound.
• D) tension is naturally discharged
during REM sleep.