Transcript Step Up To: Psychology

Step Up To: Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
Psychology Eighth Edition in Modules
By David G. Myers
Worth Publishers
(2007)
Neuroscience and Behavior
That Smarts!
It’s all in your
head.
The Systems
You’re on, Neuron!
Potpourri
4
5
You’re on, Neuron!
500
400
300
200
100
It’s all in your head.
500
400
300
200
100
That smarts!
500
400
300
200
100
The Systems
500
400
300
200
100
Potpourri
500
400
300
200
100
1. Branching fibers extending out from
the cell body to receive information from
other neurons are called:
•
•
•
•
A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) axon terminals.
2. ___ wrap(s) many axons,
insulating them and speeding
their impulses.
•
•
•
•
A) Sodium ions
B) Myelin
C) Glial cells
D) Potassium ions
3. The brief electrical impulse
transmitted along the axon is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) action potential.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) electrical cascade.
D) sodium pump.
4. After neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse, many are
reabsorbed through a process
called:
•
•
•
•
A) synaptic transmission.
B) reuptake.
C) all-or-none.
D) reabsorption.
5. The neurotransmitter ___ is
important in memory. Depletion
of it is found in those with
Alzheimer’s
•
•
•
•
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
6. The device called ___ provides
moment-by-moment images of the brain’s
changing activity and is noninvasive.
•
•
•
•
A) EEG
B) PET scan
C) MRI
D) fMRI
7. The ___ receives information from
all the senses except smell.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) angular gyrus
8. The ____ is located at the back of the
brain and is responsible for muscle
coordination, posture and equilibrium.
•
•
•
•
A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) pons
D) cerebellum
9. These make up most of the cerebral
cortex, and enable learning, memory
and integrating information.
•
•
•
•
A) reticular formations
B) projection areas
C) association areas
D) temporal lobes
10. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
11. An impaired use of language
due to a brain lesion is known as:
•
•
•
•
A) tomography.
B) aphasia.
C) plasticity.
D) phrenology.
12. The ability of one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) neural net reformation.
13. After Sam’s stroke, he had
difficulty speaking, but could
understand what others were saying
to him. He likely had damage to:
•
•
•
•
A) Wernicke’s Area.
B) Broca’s Area.
C) his Thalamus.
D) his parietal lobe.
14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie
was unable to make sense of other
people’s speech. It is likely that her
cortex was damaged in:
•
•
•
•
A) the sensory area.
B) Broca’s area.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Wernicke’s area.
15. In a recent car accident, Justin
sustained damage to his right cerebral
hemisphere. This injury is most likely to
reduce his ability to:
• A) tell an angry face from a happy
one.
• B) solve arithmetic problems.
• C) speak clearly.
• D) process information quickly.
16. In order for you to experience the pain
of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first
relay messages from your ankle to your
central nervous system.
•
•
•
•
A) the limbic system
B) interneurons
C) sensory neurons
D) the reticular formation
17. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases and pupils
dilate, the ___ is activated.
•
•
•
•
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic branch
C) sympathetic branch
D) spinal reflex
18. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it was
hot. The sequence of this reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons,
motor neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
sensory neurons.
19. The ____ system is made up of
glands which secret ___ into the
bloodstream.
• A) peripheral nervous;
antagonists
• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters
• C) autonomic; action potentials
• D) endocrine; hormones
20. Curare is a poison people use to
paralyze animals when hunting. It is
therefore an ____ which inhibits the
neurotransmitter ____.
•
•
•
•
A) antagonist; acetylcholine
B) agonist; dopamine
C) antagonist; serotonin
D) agonist; GABA
21. This device is often used to
diagnose seizure activity by recording
electrical activity of the brain:
•
•
•
•
A) CAT scan.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.
22. A person with a “split brain” had
surgery to cut the:
• A) frontal lobe.
• B) corpus callosum.
• C) sensory from the motor
strip.
• D) cerebellum from the
cerebral cortex.
23. The person most likely to suggest that
the shape of a person’s skull indicates the
extent to which that individual is
argumentative and aggressive would be a:
•
•
•
•
A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist.
24: Phineas Gage had extensive
damage to his ____ of the brain,
effecting his ____.
•
•
•
•
A) frontal lobe; personality
B) right hemisphere; speech
C) left temporal lobe; reasoning
D) cerebellum; coordination
25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it
will either fear a mouse or become
extremely aggressive.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) amygdala
D) thalamus
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Branching fibers extending out from
the cell body to receive information from
other neurons are called:
•
•
•
•
A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) axon terminals.
50
2. ___ wrap(s) many axons,
insulating them and speeding
their impulses.
•
•
•
•
A) Sodium ions
B) Myelin
C) Glial cells
D) Potassium ions
51
3. The brief electrical impulse
transmitted along the axon is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) action potential.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) electrical cascade.
D) sodium pump.
51
4. After neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse, many are
reabsorbed through a process
called:
•
•
•
•
A) synaptic transmission.
B) reuptake.
C) all-or-none.
D) reabsorption.
53
5. The neurotransmitter ___ is
important in memory. Depletion of it
is found in those with Alzheimer’s
•
•
•
•
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
54
6. The device called ___ provides
moment-by-moment images of the brain’s
changing activity and is noninvasive.
•
•
•
•
A) EEG
B) PET scan
C) MRI
D) fMRI
66
7. The ___ receives information from
all the senses except smell.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) angular gyrus
68
8. The ____ is located at the back of the
brain and is responsible for muscle
coordination, posture and equilibrium.
•
•
•
•
A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) pons
D) cerebellum
68
9. These make up most of the cerebral
cortex, and enable learning, memory
and integrating information.
•
•
•
•
A) reticular formations.
B) projection areas.
C) association areas.
D) temporal lobes.
77
10. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
76
11. An impaired use of language
due to a brain lesion is known as:
•
•
•
•
A) tomography.
B) aphasia.
C) plasticity.
D) phrenology.
77
12. The ability of one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) neural net reformation.
79
13. After Sam’s stroke, he had
difficulty speaking, but could
understand what others were saying
to him. He likely had damage to:
•
•
•
•
A) Wernicke’s Area.
B) Broca’s Area.
C) his Thalamus.
D) his parietal lobe.
77
14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie
was unable to make sense of other
people’s speech. It is likely that her
cortex was damaged in:
•
•
•
•
A) the sensory area.
B) Broca’s area.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Wernicke’s area.
78
15. In a recent car accident, Justin
sustained damage to his right cerebral
hemisphere. This injury is most likely to
reduce his ability to:
• A) tell an angry face from a happy
one.
• B) solve arithmetic problems.
• C) speak clearly.
• D) process information quickly.
81
16. In order for you to experience the pain
of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first
relay messages from your ankle to your
central nervous system.
•
•
•
•
A) the limbic system.
B) interneurons.
C) sensory neurons.
D) the reticular formation.
57
17. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases and pupils
dilate, the ___ is activated.
•
•
•
•
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic branch
C) sympathetic branch
D) spinal reflex
57
18. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it
was hot. The sequence of this reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor
neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
sensory neurons.
59
19. The ____ system is made up of
glands which secret ___ into the
bloodstream.
• A) peripheral nervous;
antagonists
• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters
• C) autonomic; action potentials
• D) endocrine; hormones.
60
20. Curare is a poison people use to
paralyze animals when hunting. It is
therefore an ____ which inhibits the
neurotransmitter ____.
•
•
•
•
A) antagonist; acetylcholine.
B) agonist; dopamine.
C) antagonist; serotonin.
D) agonist; GABA.
55
21. This device is often used to
diagnose seizure activity by recording
electrical activity of the brain:
•
•
•
•
A) brain lesion.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.
65
22. A person with a “split brain” had
surgery to cut the:
•
•
•
•
A) frontal lobe.
B) corpus callosum.
C) sensory from the motor strip.
D) cerebellum from the cerebral
cortex.
81
23. The person most likely to suggest that
the shape of a person’s skull indicates the
extent to which that individual is
argumentative and aggressive would be a:
•
•
•
•
A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist.
50
24: Phineas Gage had extensive
damage to his ____ of the brain,
effecting his ____.
•
•
•
•
A) frontal lobe; personality
B) right hemisphere; speech
C) left temporal lobe; reasoning
D) cerebellum; coordination
77
25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it
will either fear a mouse or become
extremely aggressive.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) amygdala
D) thalamus
69
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition in
Modules
• By David G. Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers
(2007)
Answers
1.
C
9.
C
17.
C
2.
B
10.
C
18.
A
3.
A
11.
B
19.
D
4.
B
12.
A
20.
A
5.
D
13.
B
21.
B
6.
D
14.
D
22.
B
7.
C
15.
A
23.
D
8.
D
16.
C
24.
A
25.
C