Transcript Chapter 02

Step Up To: Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
Psychology, Eighth Edition
By David G. Myers
Worth Publishers
(2007)
Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior
That Smarts!
It’s all in your
head.
The Systems
You’re on, Neuron!
Potpourri
You’re on, Neuron!
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100
It’s all in your head.
500
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200
100
That smarts!
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The Systems
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400
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100
Potpourri
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200
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1. Branching fibers extending out from
the cell body to receive information from
other neurons are called:
•
•
•
•
A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) axon terminals.
2. ___ wrap(s) many axons,
insulating them and speeding
their impulses.
•
•
•
•
A) Sodium ions
B) Myelin
C) Glial cells
D) Potassium ions
3. The brief electrical impulse
transmitted along the axon is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) action potential.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) electrical cascade.
D) sodium pump.
4. After neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse, many are
reabsorbed through a process
called:
•
•
•
•
A) synaptic transmission.
B) reuptake.
C) all-or-none.
D) reabsorption.
5. The neurotransmitter ___ is
important in memory. Depletion
of it is found in those with
Alzheimer’s
•
•
•
•
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
6. The device called a(n) ___ provides
moment-by-moment images of the brain’s
changing activity and is noninvasive.
•
•
•
•
A) EEG
B) PET scan
C) MRI
D) fMRI
7. The ___ receives information from
all the senses except smell.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) angular gyrus
8. The ____ is located at the back of the
brain and is responsible for muscle
coordination, posture and equilibrium.
•
•
•
•
A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) pons
D) cerebellum
9. These make up most of the cerebral
cortex, and enable learning, memory
and integrating information.
•
•
•
•
A) reticular formations
B) projection areas
C) association areas
D) temporal lobes
10. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
11. An impaired use of language
due to a brain lesion is known as:
•
•
•
•
A) tomography.
B) aphasia.
C) plasticity.
D) phrenology.
12. The ability of one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) neural net reformation.
13. After Sam’s stroke, he had
difficulty speaking, but could
understand what others were saying
to him. He likely had damage to:
•
•
•
•
A) Wernicke’s Area.
B) Broca’s Area.
C) his Thalamus.
D) his parietal lobe.
14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie
was unable to make sense of other
people’s speech. It is likely that her
cortex was damaged in:
•
•
•
•
A) the sensory area.
B) Broca’s area.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Wernicke’s area.
15. In a recent car accident, Justin
sustained damage to his right cerebral
hemisphere. This injury is most likely to
reduce his ability to:
• A) tell an angry face from a happy
one.
• B) solve arithmetic problems.
• C) speak clearly.
• D) process information quickly.
16. In order for you to experience the pain
of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first
relay messages from your ankle to your
central nervous system.
•
•
•
•
A) the limbic system.
B) interneurons.
C) sensory neurons.
D) the reticular formation.
17. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases and pupils
dilate, the ___ is activated.
•
•
•
•
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic branch
C) sympathetic branch
D) spinal reflex
18. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it was
hot. The sequence of this reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons,
motor neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
sensory neurons.
19. The ____ system is made up of
glands which secret ___ into the
bloodstream.
• A) peripheral nervous;
antagonists
• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters
• C) autonomic; action potentials
• D) endocrine; hormones
20. Curare is a poison people use to
paralyze animals when hunting. It is
therefore an ____ which inhibits the
neurotransmitter ____.
•
•
•
•
A) antagonist; acetylcholine
B) agonist; dopamine
C) antagonist; serotonin
D) agonist; GABA
21. This device is often used to
diagnose seizure activity by recording
electrical activity of the brain:
•
•
•
•
A) CAT scan.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.
22. A person with a “split brain” had
surgery to cut the:
• A) frontal lobe.
• B) corpus callosum.
• C) sensory from the motor
strip.
• D) cerebellum from the
cerebral cortex.
23. The person most likely to suggest that
the shape of a person’s skull indicates the
extent to which that individual is
argumentative and aggressive would be a:
•
•
•
•
A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist.
24: Phineas Gage had extensive
damage to his ____ of the brain,
effecting his ____.
•
•
•
•
A) frontal lobe; personality
B) right hemisphere; speech
C) left temporal lobe; reasoning
D) cerebellum; coordination
25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it
will either fear a mouse or become
extremely aggressive.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) thalamus.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Branching fibers extending out from
the cell body to receive information from
other neurons are called:
•
•
•
•
A) axons.
B) glial cells.
C) dendrites.
D) axon terminals.
55
2. ___ wrap(s) many axons,
insulating them and speeding
their impulses.
•
•
•
•
A) Sodium ions
B) Myelin
C) Glial cells
D) Potassium ions
55
3. The brief electrical impulse
transmitted along the axon is called
the:
•
•
•
•
A) action potential.
B) stimulus threshold.
C) electrical cascade.
D) sodium pump.
55
4. After neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse, many are
reabsorbed through a process
called:
•
•
•
•
A) synaptic transmission.
B) reuptake.
C) all-or-none.
D) reabsorption.
57
5. The neurotransmitter ___ is
important in memory. Depletion of it
is found in those with Alzheimer’s
•
•
•
•
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
58
6. The device called a(n) ___ provides
moment-by-moment images of the brain’s
changing activity and is noninvasive.
•
•
•
•
A) EEG
B) PET scan
C) MRI
D) fMRI
69
7. The ___ receives information from
all the senses except smell.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) thalamus
D) angular gyrus
68
8. The ____ is located at the back of the
brain and is responsible for muscle
coordination, posture and equilibrium.
•
•
•
•
A) corpus callosum
B) reticular formation
C) pons
D) cerebellum
72
9. These make up most of the cerebral
cortex, and enable learning, memory
and integrating information.
•
•
•
•
A) reticular formations
B) projection areas
C) association areas
D) temporal lobes
79
10. Auditory information is received
and processed in the:
•
•
•
•
A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.
76
11. An impaired use of language
due to a brain lesion is known as:
•
•
•
•
A) tomography.
B) aphasia.
C) plasticity.
D) phrenology.
80
12. The ability of one part of the
brain to take over the function of
another in case of injury is called:
•
•
•
•
A) plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) brain reintegration.
D) neural net reformation.
82
13. After Sam’s stroke, he had
difficulty speaking, but could
understand what others were saying
to him. He likely had damage to:
•
•
•
•
A) Wernicke’s Area.
B) Broca’s Area.
C) his Thalamus.
D) his parietal lobe.
81
14. After a sky-diving accident, Laurie
was unable to make sense of other
people’s speech. It is likely that her
cortex was damaged in:
•
•
•
•
A) the sensory area.
B) Broca’s area.
C) the angular gyrus.
D) Wernicke’s area.
81
15. In a recent car accident, Justin
sustained damage to his right cerebral
hemisphere. This injury is most likely to
reduce his ability to:
• A) tell an angry face from a happy
one.
• B) solve arithmetic problems.
• C) speak clearly.
• D) process information quickly.
80
16. In order for you to experience the pain
of being stuck with a pin, ___ must first
relay messages from your ankle to your
central nervous system.
•
•
•
•
A) the limbic system
B) interneurons
C) sensory neurons
D) the reticular formation
62
17. When you’re stressed and your heart
races, perspiration increases and pupils
dilate, the ___ is activated.
•
•
•
•
A) somatic nervous system
B) parasympathetic branch
C) sympathetic branch
D) spinal reflex
62
18. James touched a hot stove. His hand
immediately recoiled before he knew it
was hot. The sequence of this reflex is:
• A) sensory neurons, interneurons, motor
neurons.
• B) sensory neurons, motor neurons,
interneurons.
• C) interneurons, sensory neurons,
motor neurons.
• D) interneurons, motor neurons,
sensory neurons.
63
19. The ____ system is made up of
glands which secret ___ into the
bloodstream.
• A) peripheral nervous;
antagonists
• B) sympathetic; neurotransmitters
• C) autonomic; action potentials
• D) endocrine; hormones
65
20. Curare is a poison people use
to paralyze animals when hunting. It
is therefore an ____ which inhibits
the neurotransmitter ____.
•
•
•
•
A) antagonist; acetylcholine
B) agonist; dopamine
C) antagonist; serotonin
D) agonist; GABA
58
21. This device is often used to
diagnose seizure activity by recording
electrical activity of the brain:
•
•
•
•
A) brain lesion.
B) EEG.
C) PET scan.
D) MRI.
68
22. A person with a “split brain” had
surgery to cut the:
•
•
•
•
A) frontal lobe.
B) corpus callosum.
C) sensory from the motor strip.
D) cerebellum from the cerebral
cortex.
84
23. The person most likely to suggest that
the shape of a person’s skull indicates the
extent to which that individual is
argumentative and aggressive would be a:
•
•
•
•
A) neurologist.
B) behavior geneticist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) phrenologist.
53
24: Phineas Gage had extensive
damage to his ____ of the brain,
effecting his ____.
•
•
•
•
A) frontal lobe; personality
B) right hemisphere; speech
C) left temporal lobe; reasoning
D) cerebellum; coordination
80
25. Stimulate this area in a cat, and it
will either fear a mouse or become
extremely aggressive.
•
•
•
•
A) hippocampus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) amygdala.
D) thalamus.
72
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition
• By David G. Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers
(2007)
Answers
1.
C
9.
C
17.
C
2.
B
10.
C
18.
A
3.
A
11.
B
19.
D
4.
B
12.
A
20.
A
5.
D
13.
B
21.
B
6.
D
14.
D
22.
B
7.
C
15.
A
23.
D
8.
D
16.
C
24.
A
25.
C