Transcript What in cigarette smoke is harmful?

Presented By:
Tonya Lee, Crystal Culpepper,
Lauren Raulerson, and Nathan
Brantley
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Tobacco has been variously hailed as a gift
from the gods, a miraculous cure-all for
life’s physical ills.
It is common knowledge that cigarette
smoking is the single major cause of
cancer.
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The local oral effects
of various tobacco
habits have received
little attention outside
of the potential
cancer.
Tobacco stain, a
brown/black extrinsic
stain, is typically
found on the enamel
surfaces of smokers
and tobacco chewers.
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Squamous Cell
Carcinoma(Oral
Cancer) is the most
worrisome mucosal
change.
At least 80% of oral
cancer are smokers.
Oral patients who
continue to smoke
may develop a new
head or neck cancer.
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Recurring ulcers, or
canker sores, are
exquisitely painful and
very common.
Smokeless tobacco
usage does appear to
enhance to presence
of several periodontal
pathogens.
There are several types of tobacco use.
 We will look at cigarettes, chewing
tobacco, cigars, and pipes.
 Tobacco use is the most addictive drug in
America.
 In the US, one person dies every 72
seconds from a tobacco-related disease.
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Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of
organic and inorganic compounds
produced by the burning of tobacco and
additives. The smoke contains tar, which
is made up of more than 4,000 chemicals,
including over 60 known to cause cancer.
Some of these substances cause heart and
lung diseases, and all of them can be
deadly.
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You might be surprised to
know some of the
chemicals found in
cigarette smoke. They
include:
 Arsenic (used in rat
poison)
 cyanide
 Benzene (found in
rubber cement)
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methanol (wood alcohol)
acetylene (the fuel used
in welding torches)
ammonia
Cigarette smoke also
contains the poisonous
gases nitrogen oxide and
carbon monoxide. Its
main active ingredient is
nicotine, an addictive
drug.
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Nicotine is highly addictive.
Nicotine provides an almost immediate
“kick” because it causes discharge of
epinephrine from the adrenal cortex.
This stimulates the central nervous system
and other glands which causes release of
glucose.
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Nicotine is absorbed readily from tobacco smoke
in the lungs, and it does not matter whether
tobacco smoke is from cigarettes, cigars, or
pipes.
With regular use of tobacco, levels of nicotine
accumulate in the body.
Daily smokers or chewers are exposed to the
effects of nicotine for 24hours each day.
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The tobacco industry is one of the most
profitable businesses in the country,
making billions of dollars yearly. But the
costs of smoking are far higher than the
income from cigarette sales.
Smoking causes more than $150 billion
each year in health-related costs,
including the cost of lost productivity due
to smoking.
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Smoking-related medical costs totaled
more than $75 billion in 1998 and
accounted for 8% of personal health care
medical expenditures.
Death-related productivity losses due to
smoking among workers cost the U.S.
economy more than $81 billion (average
for 1995-1999).
For each pack of cigarettes sold in 1999,
$3.45 was spent on medical care due to
smoking, plus $3.73 in lost productivity,
for a total cost of $7.18 per pack.
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Behavioral economic studies find that alternative rewards
and reinforcers can reduce cigarette use.
Nicotine chewing gum is one medication approved by the
FDA.
The success rates for smoking cessation treatment with
nicotine chewing gum vary considerably.
Another approach is the nicotine transdermal patch.
A skin patch that delivers a relatively constant amount of
nicotine to the person wearing it.
These treatments are used to help people quit smoking by
reducing withdrawal symptoms and preventing relapse
while undergoing behavioral treatment.
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Another tool in treating nicotine addiction
is a medication called Zybane.
This works on other aspects of the brain
and helps to make controllable nicotine
craving or thoughts about cigarette use.