Transcript Tobacco
Tobacco Nicotine • Nicotine is the addictive drug that is found in all tobacco products. • Low doses = mild stimulant and muscle relaxant • High doses = powerful nerve poison • 60 milligrams is lethal, 1 – 2 mg inhaled per cigarette Carcinogens • Any cancer causing agent • Over 4,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke, at least 40 are carcinogens. Other Chemicals in Cigarettes • Cyanide – poisonous gas used to develop photographs. • Formaldehyde – a substance used to preserve lab animals and used as embalming fluid. • Lead – dangerous metal • Vinyl Chloride – flammable gas used to make plastic products. • Carbon Monoxide • Ammonia – found in bathroom cleaners Dip (snuff) • 1 dip has 2 to 3 times the amount of nicotine found in a cigarette. • 8 dips a day is equal to 30 cigarettes (amount of nicotine) • Check out the picture on page 265! Facts • Nicotine is addictive!! • More than 400,000 Americans die each year from cigarettes! Short Term Effects of Tobacco Use • • • • • • • Stimulates the brain reward system Increases heart rate and blood pressure Increases breathing rate Increases blood-sugar levels CO blocks oxygen from entering blood stream Tar irritates inside of lungs (coughing) Breath and clothes stink How smoke damages your respiratory system • Lungs are made up of tubes called bronchi and bronchioles. • Tubes deliver oxygen to alveoli (tiny air sacs in lungs) • Alveoli deliver O to bloodstream • Healthy people secrete a thin layer of mucus in bronchi to trap harmful particles they may inhale. Cilia removes it Respiratory damage continued.. • Smoke kills cilia, which allows mucus to build up • The bronchi then swell and air can’t get to the bloodstream. • Emphysema – air can’t move in and out of the lungs because the alveoli is blocked. Effects of Nicotine • Increased heart rate • Narrows blood vessels • Causes arteries to become hardened and clogged • Lowers immune system response Types of Smoke • Sidestream smoke – smoke that escapes from the tip of a cigarette. • Mainstream smoke – smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker • Environmental tobacco smoke – combination of mainstream and sidestream smoke. More Effects • Lung cancer caused by ETS kills 3,000 nonsmokers in the U.S. each year. • Children of smokers suffer from more lower respiratory infections, more asthma, and more ear infections than children who live in smoke-free homes Smoking during pregnancy • Risks include: – – – – – – – Miscarriage Premature birth Low birth weight Slow growth rate SIDS Respiratory illness Learning difficulties Why do people use? • • • • • Family and friends Misconceptions Advertising Curiosity Rebellion Cost • Funeral costs, Medical bills • Price per pack – – – – About $3.00 per pack $21.00/ week $90.00/ month $1,100/ year